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...任务） 线程池的两种类型（两类，不是两个） ThreadPoolExecutor（简称TPE） ForkJoinPool（分解汇总任务(将任务细化，最后汇总结果)，少量线程执行多个任务（子任务，TPE做不到先执行子任务），CPU密集型） Executors（注意这后面有s） 它可以说是线程池工厂类，我们一般通过它创建线程池，并且它为我们封装了线程 1、常用类 Executor ExecutorService 扩展了execute方法，具有一个返回值 规定了异步执行机制，提供了一些执行器方法，比如shutdown()关闭等 但是它不知道执行器中的线程何时执行完 Callable 对Runnable进行了扩展,实现Callable的调用，可以有返回值，表示线程的状态 但是无法返回线程执行结果 Future 获得未来线程执行结果 由此，我们可以得知线程池基本的一个使用步骤 其中service.submit（）:为异步提交，也就是说，主线程该干嘛干嘛，我是异步执行的，和同步不一样（当前线程执行完，主线程才能继续执行，叫同步） futuer.get():获取结果集结果，此时因为异步，主线程执行到这里，结果集可能还没封装好，所以此时如果没有值，就阻塞，直到结果集出来 public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {Callable<String> c = new Callable() {@Overridepublic String call() throws Exception {return "Hello Callable";} };ExecutorService service = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();Future<String> future = service.submit(c); //异步System.out.println(future.get());//阻塞service.shutdown();} 2、FutureTask 可充当任务的结果集 上面我们介绍Future是用来得到任务的执行结果的 而FutureTask，可以当做一个任务用，并且返回任务的结果，也就是可以跑线程，然后还可以得到线程结果 public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {FutureTask<Integer> task = new FutureTask<>(()->{TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(500);return 1000;}); //new Callable () { Integer call();}new Thread(task).start();System.out.println(task.get()); //阻塞} 3、CompletableFuture 非常灵活的任务结果集 一个非常灵活的结果集 他可以将很多执行不同任务的线程的结果进行汇总 比如一个网站，它可以启动多个线程去各大电商网站，比如淘宝，京东，收集某些或某一个商品的价格 最后，将获取的数据进行整合封装 最终，客户就可以通过此网站，获取某类商品在各网站的价格信息 / 假设你能够提供一个服务 这个服务查询各大电商网站同一类产品的价格并汇总展示 @author 马士兵 http://mashibing.com/import java.io.IOException;import java.util.Random;import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;public class T06_01_CompletableFuture {public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {long start, end;/start = System.currentTimeMillis();priceOfTM();priceOfTB();priceOfJD();end = System.currentTimeMillis();System.out.println("use serial method call! " + (end - start));/start = System.currentTimeMillis();CompletableFuture<Double> futureTM = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(()->priceOfTM());CompletableFuture<Double> futureTB = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(()->priceOfTB());CompletableFuture<Double> futureJD = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(()->priceOfJD());CompletableFuture.allOf(futureTM, futureTB, futureJD).join();//当所有结果集都获取到，才汇总阻塞CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(()->priceOfTM()).thenApply(String::valueOf).thenApply(str-> "price " + str).thenAccept(System.out::println);end = System.currentTimeMillis();System.out.println("use completable future! " + (end - start));try {System.in.read();} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();} }private static double priceOfTM() {delay();return 1.00;}private static double priceOfTB() {delay();return 2.00;}private static double priceOfJD() {delay();return 3.00;}/private static double priceOfAmazon() {delay();throw new RuntimeException("product not exist!");}/private static void delay() {int time = new Random().nextInt(500);try {TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(time);} catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();}System.out.printf("After %s sleep!\n", time);} } 4、TPE型线程池1：ThreadPoolExecutor 原理及其参数 线程池由两个集合组成，一个集合存储线程，一个集合存储任务 存储线程：可以规定大小，最多可以有多少个，以及指定核心线程数量（不会被回收） 任务队列：存储任务 细节：初始线程池没有线程，当有一个任务来，线程池起一个线程，又有一个任务来，再起一个线程，直到达到核心线程数量 核心线程数量达到时，新来的任务将存储到任务队列中等待核心线程处理完成，直到任务队列也满了 当任务队列满了，此时再次启动一个线程（非核心线程，一旦空闲，达到指定时间将会消失），直到达到线程最大数量 当线程容器和任务容器都满了，又来了线程，将会执行拒绝策略 上面的细节涉及的所有步骤内容，均由创建线程池的参数执行 下面是ThreadPoolExecutor构造方法参数的源码注释 / 用给定的初始值，创建一个新的线程池 @param corePoolSize 核心线程数量 @param maximumPoolSize 最大线程数量 @param keepAliveTime 当线程数大于核心线程数量时，空闲的线程可生存的时间 @param unit 时间单位 @param workQueue 任务队列，只能包含由execute提交的Runnable任务 @param threadFactory 工厂，用于创建线程给线程池调度的工厂，可以自定义 @param handler 拒绝策略(可以自定义，JDK默认提供4种)，当线程边界和队列容量已经满了，新来线程被阻塞时使用的处理程序/public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,int maximumPoolSize,long keepAliveTime,TimeUnit unit,BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue,ThreadFactory threadFactory,RejectedExecutionHandler handler) JDK提供的4种拒绝策略，不常用，一般都是自己定义拒绝策略 Abort：抛异常 Discard：扔掉，不抛异常 DiscardOldest：扔掉排队时间最久的（将队列中排队时间最久的扔掉，然后让新来的进来） CallerRuns：调用者处理任务（谁通过execute方法提交任务，谁处理） ThreadPoolExecutor继承关系 继承关系：ThreadPoolExecutor->AbstractExectorService类->ExectorService接口->Exector接口 Executors（注意这后面有s） 它可以说是线程池工厂类，我们一般通过它创建线程池，并且它为我们封装了线程 看看下面创建线程池，哪里用到了它 使用实例 import java.io.IOException;import java.util.concurrent.;public class T05_00_HelloThreadPool {static class Task implements Runnable {private int i;public Task(int i) {this.i = i;}@Overridepublic void run() {System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " Task " + i);try {System.in.read();} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();} }@Overridepublic String toString() {return "Task{" +"i=" + i +'}';} }public static void main(String[] args) {ThreadPoolExecutor tpe = new ThreadPoolExecutor(2, 4,60, TimeUnit.SECONDS,new ArrayBlockingQueue<Runnable>(4),Executors.defaultThreadFactory(),new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy());//创建线程池，核心2个，最大4个，空闲线程存活时间60s，任务队列容量4，使用默认线程工程，创建线程。拒绝策略是JDK提供的for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {tpe.execute(new Task(i));//供提交8次任务}System.out.println(tpe.getQueue());//查看任务队列tpe.execute(new Task(100));//提交新的任务System.out.println(tpe.getQueue());tpe.shutdown();//关闭线程池} } 5、TPE型线程池2：SingleThreadPool 单例线程池(只有一个线程) 为什么有单例线程池 有任务队列，有线程池管理机制 Executors（注意这后面有s） 它可以说是线程池工厂类，我们一般通过它创建线程池，并且它为我们封装了线程 看看下面哪里用到了它 /创建单例线程池，扔5个任务进去，查看输出结果，看看有几个线程执行任务/import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;import java.util.concurrent.Executors;public class T07_SingleThreadPool {public static void main(String[] args) {ExecutorService service = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();for(int i=0; i<5; i++) {final int j = i;service.execute(()->{System.out.println(j + " " + Thread.currentThread().getName());});} }} 6、TPE型线程池3：CachedPool 缓存，存储线程池 此线程池没有核心线程，来一个任务启动一个线程（最多Integer.MaxValue，不会放在任务队列，因为任务队列容量为0），每个线程空闲后，只能活60s 实例 import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;import java.util.concurrent.Executors;public class T07_SingleThreadPool {public static void main(String[] args) {ExecutorService service = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();//通过Executors获取池子for(int i=0; i<5; i++) {final int j = i;service.execute(()->{//提交任务System.out.println(j + " " + Thread.currentThread().getName());});}service.shutdown();} } 7、TPE型线程池4：FixedThreadPool 固定线程池 此线次池，用于创建一个固定线程数量的线程池，不会回收 实例 import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.List;import java.util.concurrent.Callable;import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;import java.util.concurrent.Executors;import java.util.concurrent.Future;public class T09_FixedThreadPool {public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {//并发执行long start = System.currentTimeMillis();getPrime(1, 200000); long end = System.currentTimeMillis();System.out.println(end - start);//输出并发执行耗费时间final int cpuCoreNum = 4;//并行执行ExecutorService service = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(cpuCoreNum);MyTask t1 = new MyTask(1, 80000); //1-5 5-10 10-15 15-20MyTask t2 = new MyTask(80001, 130000);MyTask t3 = new MyTask(130001, 170000);MyTask t4 = new MyTask(170001, 200000);Future<List<Integer>> f1 = service.submit(t1);Future<List<Integer>> f2 = service.submit(t2);Future<List<Integer>> f3 = service.submit(t3);Future<List<Integer>> f4 = service.submit(t4);start = System.currentTimeMillis();f1.get();f2.get();f3.get();f4.get();end = System.currentTimeMillis();System.out.println(end - start);//输出并行耗费时间}static class MyTask implements Callable<List<Integer>> {int startPos, endPos;MyTask(int s, int e) {this.startPos = s;this.endPos = e;}@Overridepublic List<Integer> call() throws Exception {List<Integer> r = getPrime(startPos, endPos);return r;} }static boolean isPrime(int num) {for(int i=2; i<=num/2; i++) {if(num % i == 0) return false;}return true;}static List<Integer> getPrime(int start, int end) {List<Integer> results = new ArrayList<>();for(int i=start; i<=end; i++) {if(isPrime(i)) results.add(i);}return results;} } 8、TPE型线程池5：ScheduledPool 预定，延时线程池 根据延时时间（隔多长时间后运行），排序，哪个线程先执行,用户只需要指定核心线程数量 此线程池返回的池对象，和提交任务方法都不一样，比较涉及到时间 import java.util.Random;import java.util.concurrent.Executors;import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;public class T10_ScheduledPool {public static void main(String[] args) {ScheduledExecutorService service = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(4);service.scheduleAtFixedRate(()->{//提交延时任务try {TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(new Random().nextInt(1000));} catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();}System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());}, 0, 500, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);//指定延时时间和单位，第一个任务延时0毫秒，之后的任务，延时500毫秒} } 9、手写拒绝策略小例子 import java.util.concurrent.;public class T14_MyRejectedHandler {public static void main(String[] args) {ExecutorService service = new ThreadPoolExecutor(4, 4,0, TimeUnit.SECONDS, new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(6),Executors.defaultThreadFactory(),new MyHandler());//将手写拒绝策略传入}static class MyHandler implements RejectedExecutionHandler {//1、继承RejectedExecutionHandler@Overridepublic void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor executor) {//2、重写方法//log("r rejected")//伪代码，表示通过log4j.log()报一下日志，拒绝的时间，线程名//save r kafka mysql redis//可以尝试保存队列//try 3 times //可以尝试几次，比如3次，重新去抢队列，3次还不行就丢弃if(executor.getQueue().size() < 10000) {//尝试条件，如果size>10000了,就执行拒绝策略//try put again();//如果小于10000，尝试将其放到队列中} }} } 10、ForkJoinPool线程池1：ForkJoinPool 前面我们讲过线程分为两大类，TPE和FJP ForkJoinPool（分解汇总任务(将任务细化，最后汇总结果)，少量线程执行多个任务（子任务，TPE做不到先执行子任务），CPU密集型） 适合将大任务切分成多个小任务运行 两个方法，fork()：分子任务，将子任务分配到线程池中 join()：当前任务的计算结果，如果有子任务，等子任务结果返回后再汇总 下面实例实现，一百万个随机数求和，由两种方法实现，一种ForkJoinPool分任务并行，一种使用单线程做 import java.io.IOException;import java.util.Arrays;import java.util.Random;import java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinPool;import java.util.concurrent.RecursiveAction;import java.util.concurrent.RecursiveTask;public class T12_ForkJoinPool {//1000000个随机数求和static int[] nums = new int[1000000];//一堆数static final int MAX_NUM = 50000;//分任务时，每个任务的操作量不能多于50000个，否则就继续细分static Random r = new Random();//使用随机数将数组初始化static {for(int i=0; i<nums.length; i++) {nums[i] = r.nextInt(100);}System.out.println("---" + Arrays.stream(nums).sum()); //stream api 单线程就这么做，一个一个加}//分任务，需要继承，可以继承RecursiveAction(不需要返回值，一般用在不需要返回值的场景)或//RecursiveTask(需要返回值，我们用这个，因为我们需要最后获取求和结果)两个更好实现的类，//他俩继承与ForkJoinTaskstatic class AddTaskRet extends RecursiveTask<Long> {private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;int start, end;AddTaskRet(int s, int e) {start = s;end = e;}@Overrideprotected Long compute() {if(end-start <= MAX_NUM) {//如果任务操作数小于规定的最大操作数，就进行运算，long sum = 0L;for(int i=start; i<end; i++) sum += nums[i];return sum;//返回结果} //如果分配的操作数大于规定，就继续细分（简单的重中点分，两半）int middle = start + (end-start)/2;//获取中间值AddTaskRet subTask1 = new AddTaskRet(start, middle);//传入起始值和中间值，表示一个子任务AddTaskRet subTask2 = new AddTaskRet(middle, end);//中间值和结尾值，表示一个子任务subTask1.fork();//分任务subTask2.fork();//分任务return subTask1.join() + subTask2.join();//最后返回结果汇总} }public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {/ForkJoinPool fjp = new ForkJoinPool();AddTask task = new AddTask(0, nums.length);fjp.execute(task);/ForkJoinPool fjp = new ForkJoinPool();//创建线程池AddTaskRet task = new AddTaskRet(0, nums.length);//创建任务fjp.execute(task);//传入任务long result = task.join();//返回汇总结果System.out.println(result);//System.in.read();} } 11、ForkJoinPool线程池2：WorkStealingPool 任务偷取线程池 原来的线程池，都是有一个任务队列，而这个不同，它给每个线程都分配了一个任务队列 当某一个线程的任务队列没有任务，并且自己空闲，它就去其它线程的任务队列中偷任务，所以叫任务偷取线程池 细节：当线程自己从自己的任务队列拿任务时，不需要加锁，但是偷任务时，因为有两个线程，可能发生同步问题，需要加锁 此线程继承FJP 实例 import java.io.IOException;import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;import java.util.concurrent.Executors;import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;public class T11_WorkStealingPool {public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {ExecutorService service = Executors.newWorkStealingPool();System.out.println(Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors());service.execute(new R(1000));service.execute(new R(2000));service.execute(new R(2000));service.execute(new R(2000)); //daemonservice.execute(new R(2000));//由于产生的是精灵线程（守护线程、后台线程），主线程不阻塞的话，看不到输出System.in.read(); }static class R implements Runnable {int time;R(int t) {this.time = t;}@Overridepublic void run() {try {TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(time);} catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();}System.out.println(time + " " + Thread.currentThread().getName());} }} 12、流式API：ParallelStreamAPI 不懂的请参考：https://blog.csdn.net/grd_java/article/details/110265219 实例 import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.List;import java.util.Random;public class T13_ParallelStreamAPI {public static void main(String[] args) {List<Integer> nums = new ArrayList<>();Random r = new Random();for(int i=0; i<10000; i++) nums.add(1000000 + r.nextInt(1000000));//System.out.println(nums);long start = System.currentTimeMillis();nums.forEach(v->isPrime(v));long end = System.currentTimeMillis();System.out.println(end - start);//使用parallel stream apistart = System.currentTimeMillis();nums.parallelStream().forEach(T13_ParallelStreamAPI::isPrime);//并行流，将任务切分成子任务执行end = System.currentTimeMillis();System.out.println(end - start);}static boolean isPrime(int num) {for(int i=2; i<=num/2; i++) {if(num % i == 0) return false;}return true;} } 13、总结 总结 Callable相当于一Runnable但是它有返回值 Future：存储执行完产生的结果 FutureTask 相当于Future+Runnable，既可以执行任务，又能获取任务执行的Future结果 CompletableFuture 可以多任务异步，并对多任务控制，整合任务结果，细化完美，比如可以一个任务完成就可以整合结果，也可以所有任务完成才整合结果 4、ThreadPoolExecutor源码解析 依然只讲重点，实际还需要大家按照上篇博客中看源码的方式来看 1、常用变量的解释 // 1. ctl，可以看做一个int类型的数字，高3位表示线程池状态，低29位表示worker数量private final AtomicInteger ctl = new AtomicInteger(ctlOf(RUNNING, 0));// 2. COUNT_BITS，Integer.SIZE为32，所以COUNT_BITS为29private static final int COUNT_BITS = Integer.SIZE - 3;// 3. CAPACITY，线程池允许的最大线程数。1左移29位，然后减1，即为 2^29 - 1private static final int CAPACITY = (1 << COUNT_BITS) - 1;// runState is stored in the high-order bits// 4. 线程池有5种状态，按大小排序如下：RUNNING < SHUTDOWN < STOP < TIDYING < TERMINATEDprivate static final int RUNNING = -1 << COUNT_BITS;private static final int SHUTDOWN = 0 << COUNT_BITS;private static final int STOP = 1 << COUNT_BITS;private static final int TIDYING = 2 << COUNT_BITS;private static final int TERMINATED = 3 << COUNT_BITS;// Packing and unpacking ctl// 5. runStateOf()，获取线程池状态，通过按位与操作，低29位将全部变成0private static int runStateOf(int c) { return c & ~CAPACITY; }// 6. workerCountOf()，获取线程池worker数量，通过按位与操作，高3位将全部变成0private static int workerCountOf(int c) { return c & CAPACITY; }// 7. ctlOf()，根据线程池状态和线程池worker数量，生成ctl值private static int ctlOf(int rs, int wc) { return rs | wc; }/ Bit field accessors that don't require unpacking ctl. These depend on the bit layout and on workerCount being never negative./// 8. runStateLessThan()，线程池状态小于xxprivate static boolean runStateLessThan(int c, int s) {return c < s;}// 9. runStateAtLeast()，线程池状态大于等于xxprivate static boolean runStateAtLeast(int c, int s) {return c >= s;} 2、构造方法 public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,int maximumPoolSize,long keepAliveTime,TimeUnit unit,BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue,ThreadFactory threadFactory,RejectedExecutionHandler handler) {// 基本类型参数校验if (corePoolSize < 0 ||maximumPoolSize <= 0 ||maximumPoolSize < corePoolSize ||keepAliveTime < 0)throw new IllegalArgumentException();// 空指针校验if (workQueue == null || threadFactory == null || handler == null)throw new NullPointerException();this.corePoolSize = corePoolSize;this.maximumPoolSize = maximumPoolSize;this.workQueue = workQueue;// 根据传入参数unit和keepAliveTime，将存活时间转换为纳秒存到变量keepAliveTime 中this.keepAliveTime = unit.toNanos(keepAliveTime);this.threadFactory = threadFactory;this.handler = handler;} 3、提交执行task的过程 public void execute(Runnable command) {if (command == null)throw new NullPointerException();/ Proceed in 3 steps: 1. If fewer than corePoolSize threads are running, try to start a new thread with the given command as its first task. The call to addWorker atomically checks runState and workerCount, and so prevents false alarms that would add threads when it shouldn't, by returning false. 2. If a task can be successfully queued, then we still need to double-check whether we should have added a thread (because existing ones died since last checking) or that the pool shut down since entry into this method. So we recheck state and if necessary roll back the enqueuing if stopped, or start a new thread if there are none. 3. If we cannot queue task, then we try to add a new thread. If it fails, we know we are shut down or saturated and so reject the task./int c = ctl.get();// worker数量比核心线程数小，直接创建worker执行任务if (workerCountOf(c) < corePoolSize) {if (addWorker(command, true))return;c = ctl.get();}// worker数量超过核心线程数，任务直接进入队列if (isRunning(c) && workQueue.offer(command)) {int recheck = ctl.get();// 线程池状态不是RUNNING状态，说明执行过shutdown命令，需要对新加入的任务执行reject()操作。// 这儿为什么需要recheck，是因为任务入队列前后，线程池的状态可能会发生变化。if (! isRunning(recheck) && remove(command))reject(command);// 这儿为什么需要判断0值，主要是在线程池构造方法中，核心线程数允许为0else if (workerCountOf(recheck) == 0)addWorker(null, false);}// 如果线程池不是运行状态，或者任务进入队列失败，则尝试创建worker执行任务。// 这儿有3点需要注意：// 1. 线程池不是运行状态时，addWorker内部会判断线程池状态// 2. addWorker第2个参数表示是否创建核心线程// 3. addWorker返回false，则说明任务执行失败，需要执行reject操作else if (!addWorker(command, false))reject(command);} 4、addworker源码解析 private boolean addWorker(Runnable firstTask, boolean core) {retry:// 外层自旋for (;;) {int c = ctl.get();int rs = runStateOf(c);// 这个条件写得比较难懂，我对其进行了调整，和下面的条件等价// (rs > SHUTDOWN) || // (rs == SHUTDOWN && firstTask != null) || // (rs == SHUTDOWN && workQueue.isEmpty())// 1. 线程池状态大于SHUTDOWN时，直接返回false// 2. 线程池状态等于SHUTDOWN，且firstTask不为null，直接返回false// 3. 线程池状态等于SHUTDOWN，且队列为空，直接返回false// Check if queue empty only if necessary.if (rs >= SHUTDOWN &&! (rs == SHUTDOWN &&firstTask == null &&! workQueue.isEmpty()))return false;// 内层自旋for (;;) {int wc = workerCountOf(c);// worker数量超过容量，直接返回falseif (wc >= CAPACITY ||wc >= (core ? corePoolSize : maximumPoolSize))return false;// 使用CAS的方式增加worker数量。// 若增加成功，则直接跳出外层循环进入到第二部分if (compareAndIncrementWorkerCount(c))break retry;c = ctl.get(); // Re-read ctl// 线程池状态发生变化，对外层循环进行自旋if (runStateOf(c) != rs)continue retry;// 其他情况，直接内层循环进行自旋即可// else CAS failed due to workerCount change; retry inner loop} }boolean workerStarted = false;boolean workerAdded = false;Worker w = null;try {w = new Worker(firstTask);final Thread t = w.thread;if (t != null) {final ReentrantLock mainLock = this.mainLock;// worker的添加必须是串行的，因此需要加锁mainLock.lock();try {// Recheck while holding lock.// Back out on ThreadFactory failure or if// shut down before lock acquired.// 这儿需要重新检查线程池状态int rs = runStateOf(ctl.get());if (rs < SHUTDOWN ||(rs == SHUTDOWN && firstTask == null)) {// worker已经调用过了start()方法，则不再创建workerif (t.isAlive()) // precheck that t is startablethrow new IllegalThreadStateException();// worker创建并添加到workers成功workers.add(w);// 更新largestPoolSize变量int s = workers.size();if (s > largestPoolSize)largestPoolSize = s;workerAdded = true;} } finally {mainLock.unlock();}// 启动worker线程if (workerAdded) {t.start();workerStarted = true;} }} finally {// worker线程启动失败，说明线程池状态发生了变化（关闭操作被执行），需要进行shutdown相关操作if (! workerStarted)addWorkerFailed(w);}return workerStarted;} 5、线程池worker任务单元 private final class Workerextends AbstractQueuedSynchronizerimplements Runnable{/ This class will never be serialized, but we provide a serialVersionUID to suppress a javac warning./private static final long serialVersionUID = 6138294804551838833L;/ Thread this worker is running in. Null if factory fails. /final Thread thread;/ Initial task to run. Possibly null. /Runnable firstTask;/ Per-thread task counter /volatile long completedTasks;/ Creates with given first task and thread from ThreadFactory. @param firstTask the first task (null if none)/Worker(Runnable firstTask) {setState(-1); // inhibit interrupts until runWorkerthis.firstTask = firstTask;// 这儿是Worker的关键所在，使用了线程工厂创建了一个线程。传入的参数为当前workerthis.thread = getThreadFactory().newThread(this);}/ Delegates main run loop to outer runWorker /public void run() {runWorker(this);}// 省略代码...} 6、核心线程执行逻辑-runworker final void runWorker(Worker w) {Thread wt = Thread.currentThread();Runnable task = w.firstTask;w.firstTask = null;// 调用unlock()是为了让外部可以中断w.unlock(); // allow interrupts// 这个变量用于判断是否进入过自旋（while循环）boolean completedAbruptly = true;try {// 这儿是自旋// 1. 如果firstTask不为null，则执行firstTask；// 2. 如果firstTask为null，则调用getTask()从队列获取任务。// 3. 阻塞队列的特性就是：当队列为空时，当前线程会被阻塞等待while (task != null || (task = getTask()) != null) {// 这儿对worker进行加锁，是为了达到下面的目的// 1. 降低锁范围，提升性能// 2. 保证每个worker执行的任务是串行的w.lock();// If pool is stopping, ensure thread is interrupted;// if not, ensure thread is not interrupted. This// requires a recheck in second case to deal with// shutdownNow race while clearing interrupt// 如果线程池正在停止，则对当前线程进行中断操作if ((runStateAtLeast(ctl.get(), STOP) ||(Thread.interrupted() &&runStateAtLeast(ctl.get(), STOP))) &&!wt.isInterrupted())wt.interrupt();// 执行任务，且在执行前后通过beforeExecute()和afterExecute()来扩展其功能。// 这两个方法在当前类里面为空实现。try {beforeExecute(wt, task);Throwable thrown = null;try {task.run();} catch (RuntimeException x) {thrown = x; throw x;} catch (Error x) {thrown = x; throw x;} catch (Throwable x) {thrown = x; throw new Error(x);} finally {afterExecute(task, thrown);} } finally {// 帮助gctask = null;// 已完成任务数加一 w.completedTasks++;w.unlock();} }completedAbruptly = false;} finally {// 自旋操作被退出，说明线程池正在结束processWorkerExit(w, completedAbruptly);} } 本篇文章为转载内容。原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/grd_java/article/details/113116244。 该文由互联网用户投稿提供，文中观点代表作者本人意见，并不代表本站的立场。 作为信息平台，本站仅提供文章转载服务，并不拥有其所有权，也不对文章内容的真实性、准确性和合法性承担责任。 如发现本文存在侵权、违法、违规或事实不符的情况，请及时联系我们，我们将第一时间进行核实并删除相应内容。

...msIdentity类型，并且给View方法传递了ClaimsIdentity.Claims属性所返回的Claim对象的枚举。Claim对象所示表示的是关于用户的一个单一的数据片段，Claim类定义的属性如表15-6所示。 Table 15-6. The Properties Defined by the Claim Class 表15-6. Claim类定义的属性 Name 名称 Description 描述 Issuer Returns the name of the system that provided the claim 返回提供声明（Claim）的系统名称 Subject Returns the ClaimsIdentity object for the user who the claim refers to 返回声明（Claim）所指用户的ClaimsIdentity对象 Type Returns the type of information that the claim represents 返回声明（Claim）所表示的信息类型 Value Returns the piece of information that the claim represents 返回声明（Claim）所表示的信息片段 Listing 15-13 shows the contents of the Index.cshtml file that I created in the Views/Claims folder and that is rendered by the Index action of the Claims controller. The view adds a row to a table for each claim about the user. 清单15-13显示了我在Views/Claims文件夹中创建的Index.cshtml文件的内容，它由Claims控制器中的Index动作方法进行渲染。该视图为用户的每项声明（Claim）添加了一个表格行。 Listing 15-13. The Contents of the Index.cshtml File in the Views/Claims Folder 清单15-13. Views/Claims文件夹中Index.cshtml文件的内容 @using System.Security.Claims@using Users.Infrastructure@model IEnumerable<Claim>@{ ViewBag.Title = "Claims"; }<div class="panel panel-primary"><div class="panel-heading">Claims</div><table class="table table-striped"><tr><th>Subject</th><th>Issuer</th><th>Type</th><th>Value</th></tr>@foreach (Claim claim in Model.OrderBy(x => x.Type)) {<tr><td>@claim.Subject.Name</td><td>@claim.Issuer</td><td>@Html.ClaimType(claim.Type)</td><td>@claim.Value</td></tr>}</table></div> The value of the Claim.Type property is a URI for a Microsoft schema, which isn’t especially useful. The popular schemas are used as the values for fields in the System.Security.Claims.ClaimTypes class, so to make the output from the Index.cshtml view easier to read, I added an HTML helper to the IdentityHelpers.cs file, as shown in Listing 15-14. It is this helper that I use in the Index.cshtml file to format the value of the Claim.Type property. Claim.Type属性的值是一个微软模式（Microsoft Schema）的URI（统一资源标识符），这是特别有用的。System.Security.Claims.ClaimTypes类中字段的值使用的是流行模式（Popular Schema），因此为了使Index.cshtml视图的输出更易于阅读，我在IdentityHelpers.cs文件中添加了一个HTML辅助器，如清单15-14所示。Index.cshtml文件正是使用这个辅助器格式化了Claim.Type属性的值。 Listing 15-14. Adding a Helper to the IdentityHelpers.cs File 清单15-14. 在IdentityHelpers.cs文件中添加辅助器 using System.Web;using System.Web.Mvc;using Microsoft.AspNet.Identity.Owin;using System;using System.Linq;using System.Reflection;using System.Security.Claims;namespace Users.Infrastructure {public static class IdentityHelpers {public static MvcHtmlString GetUserName(this HtmlHelper html, string id) {AppUserManager mgr= HttpContext.Current.GetOwinContext().GetUserManager<AppUserManager>();return new MvcHtmlString(mgr.FindByIdAsync(id).Result.UserName);} public static MvcHtmlString ClaimType(this HtmlHelper html, string claimType) {FieldInfo[] fields = typeof(ClaimTypes).GetFields();foreach (FieldInfo field in fields) {if (field.GetValue(null).ToString() == claimType) {return new MvcHtmlString(field.Name);} }return new MvcHtmlString(string.Format("{0}",claimType.Split('/', '.').Last()));} }} Note The helper method isn’t at all efficient because it reflects on the fields of the ClaimType class for each claim that is displayed, but it is sufficient for my purposes in this chapter. You won’t often need to display the claim type in real applications. 注：该辅助器并非十分有效，因为它只是针对每个要显示的声明（Claim）映射出ClaimType类的字段，但对我要的目的已经足够了。在实际项目中不会经常需要显示声明（Claim）的类型。 To see why I have created a controller that uses claims without really explaining what they are, start the application, authenticate as the user Alice (with the password MySecret), and request the /Claims/Index URL. Figure 15-5 shows the content that is generated. 为了弄明白我为何要先创建一个使用声明（Claims）的控制器，而没有真正解释声明（Claims）是什么的原因，可以启动应用程序，以用户Alice进行认证（其口令是MySecret），并请求/Claims/Index URL。图15-5显示了生成的内容。 Figure 15-5. The output from the Index action of the Claims controller 图15-5. Claims控制器中Index动作的输出 It can be hard to make out the detail in the figure, so I have reproduced the content in Table 15-7. 这可能还难以认识到此图的细节，为此我在表15-7中重列了其内容。 Table 15-7. The Data Shown in Figure 15-5 表15-7. 图15-5中显示的数据 Subject（科目） Issuer（发行者） Type（类型） Value（值） Alice LOCAL AUTHORITY SecurityStamp Unique ID Alice LOCAL AUTHORITY IdentityProvider ASP.NET Identity Alice LOCAL AUTHORITY Role Employees Alice LOCAL AUTHORITY Role Users Alice LOCAL AUTHORITY Name Alice Alice LOCAL AUTHORITY NameIdentifier Alice’s user ID The table shows the most important aspect of claims, which is that I have already been using them when I implemented the traditional authentication and authorization features in Chapter 14. You can see that some of the claims relate to user identity (the Name claim is Alice, and the NameIdentifier claim is Alice’s unique user ID in my ASP.NET Identity database). 此表展示了声明（Claims）最重要的方面，这些是我在第14章中实现传统的认证和授权特性时，一直在使用的信息。可以看出，有些声明（Claims）与用户标识有关（Name声明是Alice，NameIdentifier声明是Alice在ASP.NET Identity数据库中的唯一用户ID号）。 Other claims show membership of roles—there are two Role claims in the table, reflecting the fact that Alice is assigned to both the Users and Employees roles. There is also a claim about how Alice has been authenticated: The IdentityProvider is set to ASP.NET Identity. 其他声明（Claims）显示了角色成员——表中有两个Role声明（Claim），体现出Alice被赋予了Users和Employees两个角色这一事实。还有一个是Alice已被认证的声明（Claim）：IdentityProvider被设置到了ASP.NET Identity。 The difference when this information is expressed as a set of claims is that you can determine where the data came from. The Issuer property for all the claims shown in the table is set to LOCAL AUTHORITY, which indicates that the user’s identity has been established by the application. 当这种信息被表示成一组声明（Claims）时的差别是，你能够确定这些数据是从哪里来的。表中所显示的所有声明的Issuer属性（发布者）都被设置到了LOACL AUTHORITY（本地授权），这说明该用户的标识是由应用程序建立的。 So, now that you have seen some example claims, I can more easily describe what a claim is. A claim is any piece of information about a user that is available to the application, including the user’s identity and role memberships. And, as you have seen, the information I have been defining about my users in earlier chapters is automatically made available as claims by ASP.NET Identity. 因此，现在你已经看到了一些声明（Claims）示例，我可以更容易地描述声明（Claim）是什么了。一项声明（Claim）是可用于应用程序中的有关用户的一个信息片段，包括用户的标识以及角色成员等。而且，正如你所看到的，我在前几章定义的关于用户的信息，被ASP.NET Identity自动地作为声明（Claims）了。 15.3.2 Creating and Using Claims 15.3.2 创建和使用声明（Claims） Claims are interesting for two reasons. The first reason is that an application can obtain claims from multiple sources, rather than just relying on a local database for information about the user. You will see a real example of this when I show you how to authenticate users through a third-party system in the “Using Third-Party Authentication” section, but for the moment I am going to add a class to the example project that simulates a system that provides claims information. Listing 15-15 shows the contents of the LocationClaimsProvider.cs file that I added to the Infrastructure folder. 声明（Claims）比较有意思的原因有两个。第一个原因是应用程序可以从多个来源获取声明（Claims），而不是只能依靠本地数据库关于用户的信息。你将会看到一个实际的示例，在“使用第三方认证”小节中，将演示如何通过第三方系统来认证用户。不过，此刻我只打算在示例项目中添加一个类，用以模拟一个提供声明（Claims）信息的系统。清单15-15显示了我添加到Infrastructure文件夹中LocationClaimsProvider.cs文件的内容。 Listing 15-15. The Contents of the LocationClaimsProvider.cs File 清单15-15. LocationClaimsProvider.cs文件的内容 using System.Collections.Generic;using System.Security.Claims; namespace Users.Infrastructure {public static class LocationClaimsProvider {public static IEnumerable<Claim> GetClaims(ClaimsIdentity user) {List<Claim> claims = new List<Claim>();if (user.Name.ToLower() == "alice") {claims.Add(CreateClaim(ClaimTypes.PostalCode, "DC 20500"));claims.Add(CreateClaim(ClaimTypes.StateOrProvince, "DC"));} else {claims.Add(CreateClaim(ClaimTypes.PostalCode, "NY 10036"));claims.Add(CreateClaim(ClaimTypes.StateOrProvince, "NY"));}return claims;}private static Claim CreateClaim(string type, string value) {return new Claim(type, value, ClaimValueTypes.String, "RemoteClaims");} }} The GetClaims method takes a ClaimsIdentity argument and uses the Name property to create claims about the user’s ZIP code and state. This class allows me to simulate a system such as a central HR database, which would be the authoritative source of location information about staff, for example. GetClaims方法以ClaimsIdentity为参数，并使用Name属性创建了关于用户ZIP码（邮政编码）和州府的声明（Claims）。上述这个类使我能够模拟一个诸如中心化的HR数据库（人力资源数据库）之类的系统，它可能会成为全体职员的地点信息的权威数据源。 Claims are associated with the user’s identity during the authentication process, and Listing 15-16 shows the changes I made to the Login action method of the Account controller to call the LocationClaimsProvider class. 在认证过程期间，声明（Claims）是与用户标识关联在一起的，清单15-16显示了我对Account控制器中Login动作方法所做的修改，以便调用LocationClaimsProvider类。 Listing 15-16. Associating Claims with a User in the AccountController.cs File 清单15-16. AccountController.cs文件中用户用声明的关联 ...[HttpPost][AllowAnonymous][ValidateAntiForgeryToken]public async Task<ActionResult> Login(LoginModel details, string returnUrl) {if (ModelState.IsValid) {AppUser user = await UserManager.FindAsync(details.Name,details.Password);if (user == null) {ModelState.AddModelError("", "Invalid name or password.");} else {ClaimsIdentity ident = await UserManager.CreateIdentityAsync(user,DefaultAuthenticationTypes.ApplicationCookie); ident.AddClaims(LocationClaimsProvider.GetClaims(ident));AuthManager.SignOut();AuthManager.SignIn(new AuthenticationProperties {IsPersistent = false}, ident);return Redirect(returnUrl);} }ViewBag.returnUrl = returnUrl;return View(details);}... You can see the effect of the location claims by starting the application, authenticating as a user, and requesting the /Claim/Index URL. Figure 15-6 shows the claims for Alice. You may have to sign out and sign back in again to see the change. 为了看看这个地点声明（Claims）的效果，可以启动应用程序，以一个用户进行认证，并请求/Claim/Index URL。图15-6显示了Alice的声明（Claims）。你可能需要退出，然后再次登录才会看到发生的变化。 Figure 15-6. Defining additional claims for users 图15-6. 定义用户的附加声明 Obtaining claims from multiple locations means that the application doesn’t have to duplicate data that is held elsewhere and allows integration of data from external parties. The Claim.Issuer property tells you where a claim originated from, which helps you judge how accurate the data is likely to be and how much weight you should give the data in your application. Location data obtained from a central HR database is likely to be more accurate and trustworthy than data obtained from an external mailing list provider, for example. 从多个地点获取声明（Claims）意味着应用程序不必复制其他地方保持的数据，并且能够与外部的数据集成。Claim.Issuer属性（图15-6中的Issuer数据列——译者注）能够告诉你一个声明（Claim）的发源地，这有助于让你判断数据的精确程度，也有助于让你决定这类数据在应用程序中的权重。例如，从中心化的HR数据库获取的地点数据可能要比外部邮件列表提供器获取的数据更为精确和可信。 1. Applying Claims 1. 运用声明（Claims） The second reason that claims are interesting is that you can use them to manage user access to your application more flexibly than with standard roles. The problem with roles is that they are static, and once a user has been assigned to a role, the user remains a member until explicitly removed. This is, for example, how long-term employees of big corporations end up with incredible access to internal systems: They are assigned the roles they require for each new job they get, but the old roles are rarely removed. (The unexpectedly broad systems access sometimes becomes apparent during the investigation into how someone was able to ship the contents of the warehouse to their home address—true story.) 声明（Claims）有意思的第二个原因是，你可以用它们来管理用户对应用程序的访问，这要比标准的角色管理更为灵活。角色的问题在于它们是静态的，而且一旦用户已经被赋予了一个角色，该用户便是一个成员，直到明确地删除为止。例如，这意味着大公司的长期雇员，对内部系统的访问会十分惊人：他们每次在获得新工作时，都会赋予所需的角色，但旧角色很少被删除。（在调查某人为何能够将仓库里的东西发往他的家庭地址过程中发现，有时会出现异常宽泛的系统访问——真实的故事） Claims can be used to authorize users based directly on the information that is known about them, which ensures that the authorization changes when the data changes. The simplest way to do this is to generate Role claims based on user data that are then used by controllers to restrict access to action methods. Listing 15-17 shows the contents of the ClaimsRoles.cs file that I added to the Infrastructure. 声明（Claims）可以直接根据用户已知的信息对用户进行授权，这能够保证当数据发生变化时，授权也随之而变。此事最简单的做法是根据用户数据来生成Role声明（Claim），然后由控制器用来限制对动作方法的访问。清单15-17显示了我添加到Infrastructure中的ClaimsRoles.cs文件的内容。 Listing 15-17. The Contents of the ClaimsRoles.cs File 清单15-17. ClaimsRoles.cs文件的内容 using System.Collections.Generic;using System.Security.Claims; namespace Users.Infrastructure {public class ClaimsRoles {public static IEnumerable<Claim> CreateRolesFromClaims(ClaimsIdentity user) {List<Claim> claims = new List<Claim>();if (user.HasClaim(x => x.Type == ClaimTypes.StateOrProvince&& x.Issuer == "RemoteClaims" && x.Value == "DC")&& user.HasClaim(x => x.Type == ClaimTypes.Role&& x.Value == "Employees")) {claims.Add(new Claim(ClaimTypes.Role, "DCStaff"));}return claims;} }} The gnarly looking CreateRolesFromClaims method uses lambda expressions to determine whether the user has a StateOrProvince claim from the RemoteClaims issuer with a value of DC and a Role claim with a value of Employees. If the user has both claims, then a Role claim is returned for the DCStaff role. Listing 15-18 shows how I call the CreateRolesFromClaims method from the Login action in the Account controller. CreateRolesFromClaims是一个粗糙的考察方法，它使用了Lambda表达式，以检查用户是否具有StateOrProvince声明（Claim），该声明来自于RemoteClaims发行者（Issuer），值为DC。也检查用户是否具有Role声明（Claim），其值为Employees。如果用户这两个声明都有，那么便返回一个DCStaff角色的Role声明。清单15-18显示了如何在Account控制器中的Login动作中调用CreateRolesFromClaims方法。 Listing 15-18. Generating Roles Based on Claims in the AccountController.cs File 清单15-18. 在AccountController.cs中根据声明生成角色 ...[HttpPost][AllowAnonymous][ValidateAntiForgeryToken]public async Task<ActionResult> Login(LoginModel details, string returnUrl) {if (ModelState.IsValid) {AppUser user = await UserManager.FindAsync(details.Name,details.Password);if (user == null) {ModelState.AddModelError("", "Invalid name or password.");} else {ClaimsIdentity ident = await UserManager.CreateIdentityAsync(user,DefaultAuthenticationTypes.ApplicationCookie);ident.AddClaims(LocationClaimsProvider.GetClaims(ident)); ident.AddClaims(ClaimsRoles.CreateRolesFromClaims(ident));AuthManager.SignOut();AuthManager.SignIn(new AuthenticationProperties {IsPersistent = false}, ident);return Redirect(returnUrl);} }ViewBag.returnUrl = returnUrl;return View(details);}... I can then restrict access to an action method based on membership of the DCStaff role. Listing 15-19 shows a new action method I added to the Claims controller to which I have applied the Authorize attribute. 然后我可以根据DCStaff角色的成员，来限制对一个动作方法的访问。清单15-19显示了在Claims控制器中添加的一个新的动作方法，在该方法上已经运用了Authorize注解属性。 Listing 15-19. Adding a New Action Method to the ClaimsController.cs File 清单15-19. 在ClaimsController.cs文件中添加一个新的动作方法 using System.Security.Claims;using System.Web;using System.Web.Mvc;namespace Users.Controllers {public class ClaimsController : Controller {[Authorize]public ActionResult Index() {ClaimsIdentity ident = HttpContext.User.Identity as ClaimsIdentity;if (ident == null) {return View("Error", new string[] { "No claims available" });} else {return View(ident.Claims);} } [Authorize(Roles="DCStaff")]public string OtherAction() {return "This is the protected action";} }} Users will be able to access OtherAction only if their claims grant them membership to the DCStaff role. Membership of this role is generated dynamically, so a change to the user’s employment status or location information will change their authorization level. 只要用户的声明（Claims）承认他们是DCStaff角色的成员，那么他们便能访问OtherAction动作。该角色的成员是动态生成的，因此，若是用户的雇用状态或地点信息发生变化，也会改变他们的授权等级。 提示：请读者从这个例子中吸取其中的思想精髓。对于读物的理解程度，仁者见仁，智者见智，能领悟多少，全凭各人，译者感觉这里的思想有无数的可能。举例说明：（1）可以根据用户的身份进行授权，比如学生在校时是“学生”，毕业后便是“校友”；（2）可以根据用户所处的部门进行授权，人事部用户属于人事团队，销售部用户属于销售团队，各团队有其自己的应用；（3）下一小节的示例是根据用户的地点授权。简言之：一方面用户的各种声明（Claim）都可以用来进行授权；另一方面用户的声明（Claim）又是可以自定义的。于是可能的运用就无法估计了。总之一句话，这种基于声明的授权（Claims-Based Authorization）有无限可能！要是没有我这里的提示，是否所有读者在此处都会有所体会？——译者注 15.3.3 Authorizing Access Using Claims 15.3.3 使用声明（Claims）授权访问 The previous example is an effective demonstration of how claims can be used to keep authorizations fresh and accurate, but it is a little indirect because I generate roles based on claims data and then enforce my authorization policy based on the membership of that role. A more direct and flexible approach is to enforce authorization directly by creating a custom authorization filter attribute. Listing 15-20 shows the contents of the ClaimsAccessAttribute.cs file, which I added to the Infrastructure folder and used to create such a filter. 前面的示例有效地演示了如何用声明（Claims）来保持新鲜和准确的授权，但有点不太直接，因为我要根据声明（Claims）数据来生成了角色，然后强制我的授权策略基于角色成员。一个更直接且灵活的办法是直接强制授权，其做法是创建一个自定义的授权过滤器注解属性。清单15-20演示了ClaimsAccessAttribute.cs文件的内容，我将它添加在Infrastructure文件夹中，并用它创建了这种过滤器。 Listing 15-20. The Contents of the ClaimsAccessAttribute.cs File 清单15-20. ClaimsAccessAttribute.cs文件的内容 using System.Security.Claims;using System.Web;using System.Web.Mvc; namespace Users.Infrastructure {public class ClaimsAccessAttribute : AuthorizeAttribute {public string Issuer { get; set; }public string ClaimType { get; set; }public string Value { get; set; }protected override bool AuthorizeCore(HttpContextBase context) {return context.User.Identity.IsAuthenticated&& context.User.Identity is ClaimsIdentity&& ((ClaimsIdentity)context.User.Identity).HasClaim(x =>x.Issuer == Issuer && x.Type == ClaimType && x.Value == Value);} }} The attribute I have defined is derived from the AuthorizeAttribute class, which makes it easy to create custom authorization policies in MVC framework applications by overriding the AuthorizeCore method. My implementation grants access if the user is authenticated, the IIdentity implementation is an instance of ClaimsIdentity, and the user has a claim with the issuer, type, and value matching the class properties. Listing 15-21 shows how I applied the attribute to the Claims controller to authorize access to the OtherAction method based on one of the location claims created by the LocationClaimsProvider class. 我所定义的这个注解属性派生于AuthorizeAttribute类，通过重写AuthorizeCore方法，很容易在MVC框架应用程序中创建自定义的授权策略。在这个实现中，若用户是已认证的、其IIdentity实现是一个ClaimsIdentity实例，而且该用户有一个带有issuer、type以及value的声明（Claim），它们与这个类的属性是匹配的，则该用户便是允许访问的。清单15-21显示了如何将这个注解属性运用于Claims控制器，以便根据LocationClaimsProvider类创建的地点声明（Claim），对OtherAction方法进行授权访问。 Listing 15-21. Performing Authorization on Claims in the ClaimsController.cs File 清单15-21. 在ClaimsController.cs文件中执行基于声明的授权 using System.Security.Claims;using System.Web;using System.Web.Mvc;using Users.Infrastructure;namespace Users.Controllers {public class ClaimsController : Controller {[Authorize]public ActionResult Index() {ClaimsIdentity ident = HttpContext.User.Identity as ClaimsIdentity;if (ident == null) {return View("Error", new string[] { "No claims available" });} else {return View(ident.Claims);} } [ClaimsAccess(Issuer="RemoteClaims", ClaimType=ClaimTypes.PostalCode,Value="DC 20500")]public string OtherAction() {return "This is the protected action";} }} My authorization filter ensures that only users whose location claims specify a ZIP code of DC 20500 can invoke the OtherAction method. 这个授权过滤器能够确保只有地点声明（Claim）的邮编为DC 20500的用户才能请求OtherAction方法。 15.4 Using Third-Party Authentication 15.4 使用第三方认证 One of the benefits of a claims-based system such as ASP.NET Identity is that any of the claims can come from an external system, even those that identify the user to the application. This means that other systems can authenticate users on behalf of the application, and ASP.NET Identity builds on this idea to make it simple and easy to add support for authenticating users through third parties such as Microsoft, Google, Facebook, and Twitter. 基于声明的系统，如ASP.NET Identity，的好处之一是任何声明都可以来自于外部系统，即使是将用户标识到应用程序的那些声明。这意味着其他系统可以代表应用程序来认证用户，而ASP.NET Identity就建立在这样的思想之上，使之能够简单而方便地添加第三方认证用户的支持，如微软、Google、Facebook、Twitter等。 There are some substantial benefits of using third-party authentication: Many users will already have an account, users can elect to use two-factor authentication, and you don’t have to manage user credentials in the application. In the sections that follow, I’ll show you how to set up and use third-party authentication for Google users, which Table 15-8 puts into context. 使用第三方认证有一些实际的好处：许多用户已经有了账号、用户可以选择使用双因子认证、你不必在应用程序中管理用户凭据等等。在以下小节中，我将演示如何为Google用户建立并使用第三方认证，表15-8描述了事情的情形。 Table 15-8. Putting Third-Party Authentication in Context 表15-8. 第三方认证情形 Question 问题 Answer 回答 What is it? 什么是第三方认证？ Authenticating with third parties lets you take advantage of the popularity of companies such as Google and Facebook. 第三方认证使你能够利用流行公司，如Google和Facebook，的优势。 Why should I care? 为何要关心它？ Users don’t like having to remember passwords for many different sites. Using a provider with large-scale adoption can make your application more appealing to users of the provider’s services. 用户不喜欢记住许多不同网站的口令。使用大范围适应的提供器可使你的应用程序更吸引有提供器服务的用户。 How is it used by the MVC framework? 如何在MVC框架中使用它？ This feature isn’t used directly by the MVC framework. 这不是一个直接由MVC框架使用的特性。 Note The reason I have chosen to demonstrate Google authentication is that it is the only option that doesn’t require me to register my application with the authentication service. You can get details of the registration processes required at http://bit.ly/1cqLTrE. 提示：我选择演示Google认证的原因是，它是唯一不需要在其认证服务中注册我应用程序的公司。有关认证服务注册过程的细节，请参阅http://bit.ly/1cqLTrE。 15.4.1 Enabling Google Authentication 15.4.1 启用Google认证 ASP.NET Identity comes with built-in support for authenticating users through their Microsoft, Google, Facebook, and Twitter accounts as well more general support for any authentication service that supports OAuth. The first step is to add the NuGet package that includes the Google-specific additions for ASP.NET Identity. Enter the following command into the Package Manager Console: ASP.NET Identity带有通过Microsoft、Google、Facebook以及Twitter账号认证用户的内建支持，并且对于支持OAuth的认证服务具有更普遍的支持。第一个步骤是添加NuGet包，包中含有用于ASP.NET Identity的Google专用附件。请在“Package Manager Console（包管理器控制台）”中输入以下命令： Install-Package Microsoft.Owin.Security.Google -version 2.0.2 There are NuGet packages for each of the services that ASP.NET Identity supports, as described in Table 15-9. 对于ASP.NET Identity支持的每一种服务都有相应的NuGet包，如表15-9所示。 Table 15-9. The NuGet Authenticaton Packages 表15-9. NuGet认证包 Name 名称 Description 描述 Microsoft.Owin.Security.Google Authenticates users with Google accounts 用Google账号认证用户 Microsoft.Owin.Security.Facebook Authenticates users with Facebook accounts 用Facebook账号认证用户 Microsoft.Owin.Security.Twitter Authenticates users with Twitter accounts 用Twitter账号认证用户 Microsoft.Owin.Security.MicrosoftAccount Authenticates users with Microsoft accounts 用Microsoft账号认证用户 Microsoft.Owin.Security.OAuth Authenticates users against any OAuth 2.0 service 根据任一OAuth 2.0服务认证用户 Once the package is installed, I enable support for the authentication service in the OWIN startup class, which is defined in the App_Start/IdentityConfig.cs file in the example project. Listing 15-22 shows the change that I have made. 一旦安装了这个包，便可以在OWIN启动类中启用此项认证服务的支持，启动类的定义在示例项目的App_Start/IdentityConfig.cs文件中。清单15-22显示了所做的修改。 Listing 15-22. Enabling Google Authentication in the IdentityConfig.cs File 清单15-22. 在IdentityConfig.cs文件中启用Google认证 using Microsoft.AspNet.Identity;using Microsoft.Owin;using Microsoft.Owin.Security.Cookies;using Owin;using Users.Infrastructure;using Microsoft.Owin.Security.Google;namespace Users {public class IdentityConfig {public void Configuration(IAppBuilder app) {app.CreatePerOwinContext<AppIdentityDbContext>(AppIdentityDbContext.Create);app.CreatePerOwinContext<AppUserManager>(AppUserManager.Create);app.CreatePerOwinContext<AppRoleManager>(AppRoleManager.Create); app.UseCookieAuthentication(new CookieAuthenticationOptions {AuthenticationType = DefaultAuthenticationTypes.ApplicationCookie,LoginPath = new PathString("/Account/Login"),}); app.UseExternalSignInCookie(DefaultAuthenticationTypes.ExternalCookie);app.UseGoogleAuthentication();} }} Each of the packages that I listed in Table 15-9 contains an extension method that enables the corresponding service. The extension method for the Google service is called UseGoogleAuthentication, and it is called on the IAppBuilder implementation that is passed to the Configuration method. 表15-9所列的每个包都含有启用相应服务的扩展方法。用于Google服务的扩展方法名称为UseGoogleAuthentication，它通过传递给Configuration方法的IAppBuilder实现进行调用。 Next I added a button to the Views/Account/Login.cshtml file, which allows users to log in via Google. You can see the change in Listing 15-23. 下一步骤是在Views/Account/Login.cshtml文件中添加一个按钮，让用户能够通过Google进行登录。所做的修改如清单15-23所示。 Listing 15-23. Adding a Google Login Button to the Login.cshtml File 清单15-23. 在Login.cshtml文件中添加Google登录按钮 @model Users.Models.LoginModel@{ ViewBag.Title = "Login";}<h2>Log In</h2> @Html.ValidationSummary()@using (Html.BeginForm()) {@Html.AntiForgeryToken();<input type="hidden" name="returnUrl" value="@ViewBag.returnUrl" /><div class="form-group"><label>Name</label>@Html.TextBoxFor(x => x.Name, new { @class = "form-control" })</div><div class="form-group"><label>Password</label>@Html.PasswordFor(x => x.Password, new { @class = "form-control" })</div><button class="btn btn-primary" type="submit">Log In</button>}@using (Html.BeginForm("GoogleLogin", "Account")) {<input type="hidden" name="returnUrl" value="@ViewBag.returnUrl" /><button class="btn btn-primary" type="submit">Log In via Google</button>} The new button submits a form that targets the GoogleLogin action on the Account controller. You can see this method—and the other changes I made the controller—in Listing 15-24. 新按钮递交一个表单，目标是Account控制器中的GoogleLogin动作。可从清单15-24中看到该方法，以及在控制器中所做的其他修改。 Listing 15-24. Adding Support for Google Authentication to the AccountController.cs File 清单15-24. 在AccountController.cs文件中添加Google认证支持 using System.Threading.Tasks;using System.Web.Mvc;using Users.Models;using Microsoft.Owin.Security;using System.Security.Claims;using Microsoft.AspNet.Identity;using Microsoft.AspNet.Identity.Owin;using Users.Infrastructure;using System.Web; namespace Users.Controllers {[Authorize]public class AccountController : Controller {[AllowAnonymous]public ActionResult Login(string returnUrl) {if (HttpContext.User.Identity.IsAuthenticated) {return View("Error", new string[] { "Access Denied" });}ViewBag.returnUrl = returnUrl;return View();}[HttpPost][AllowAnonymous][ValidateAntiForgeryToken]public async Task<ActionResult> Login(LoginModel details, string returnUrl) {if (ModelState.IsValid) {AppUser user = await UserManager.FindAsync(details.Name,details.Password);if (user == null) {ModelState.AddModelError("", "Invalid name or password.");} else {ClaimsIdentity ident = await UserManager.CreateIdentityAsync(user,DefaultAuthenticationTypes.ApplicationCookie); ident.AddClaims(LocationClaimsProvider.GetClaims(ident));ident.AddClaims(ClaimsRoles.CreateRolesFromClaims(ident)); AuthManager.SignOut();AuthManager.SignIn(new AuthenticationProperties {IsPersistent = false}, ident);return Redirect(returnUrl);} }ViewBag.returnUrl = returnUrl;return View(details);} [HttpPost][AllowAnonymous]public ActionResult GoogleLogin(string returnUrl) {var properties = new AuthenticationProperties {RedirectUri = Url.Action("GoogleLoginCallback",new { returnUrl = returnUrl})};HttpContext.GetOwinContext().Authentication.Challenge(properties, "Google");return new HttpUnauthorizedResult();}[AllowAnonymous]public async Task<ActionResult> GoogleLoginCallback(string returnUrl) {ExternalLoginInfo loginInfo = await AuthManager.GetExternalLoginInfoAsync();AppUser user = await UserManager.FindAsync(loginInfo.Login);if (user == null) {user = new AppUser {Email = loginInfo.Email,UserName = loginInfo.DefaultUserName,City = Cities.LONDON, Country = Countries.UK};IdentityResult result = await UserManager.CreateAsync(user);if (!result.Succeeded) {return View("Error", result.Errors);} else {result = await UserManager.AddLoginAsync(user.Id, loginInfo.Login);if (!result.Succeeded) {return View("Error", result.Errors);} }}ClaimsIdentity ident = await UserManager.CreateIdentityAsync(user,DefaultAuthenticationTypes.ApplicationCookie);ident.AddClaims(loginInfo.ExternalIdentity.Claims);AuthManager.SignIn(new AuthenticationProperties {IsPersistent = false }, ident);return Redirect(returnUrl ?? "/");}[Authorize]public ActionResult Logout() {AuthManager.SignOut();return RedirectToAction("Index", "Home");}private IAuthenticationManager AuthManager {get {return HttpContext.GetOwinContext().Authentication;} }private AppUserManager UserManager {get {return HttpContext.GetOwinContext().GetUserManager<AppUserManager>();} }} } The GoogleLogin method creates an instance of the AuthenticationProperties class and sets the RedirectUri property to a URL that targets the GoogleLoginCallback action in the same controller. The next part is a magic phrase that causes ASP.NET Identity to respond to an unauthorized error by redirecting the user to the Google authentication page, rather than the one defined by the application: GoogleLogin方法创建了AuthenticationProperties类的一个实例，并为RedirectUri属性设置了一个URL，其目标为同一控制器中的GoogleLoginCallback动作。下一个部分是一个神奇阶段，通过将用户重定向到Google认证页面，而不是应用程序所定义的认证页面，让ASP.NET Identity对未授权的错误进行响应： ...HttpContext.GetOwinContext().Authentication.Challenge(properties, "Google");return new HttpUnauthorizedResult();... This means that when the user clicks the Log In via Google button, their browser is redirected to the Google authentication service and then redirected back to the GoogleLoginCallback action method once they are authenticated. 这意味着，当用户通过点击Google按钮进行登录时，浏览器被重定向到Google的认证服务，一旦在那里认证之后，便被重定向回GoogleLoginCallback动作方法。 I get details of the external login by calling the GetExternalLoginInfoAsync of the IAuthenticationManager implementation, like this: 我通过调用IAuthenticationManager实现的GetExternalLoginInfoAsync方法，我获得了外部登录的细节，如下所示： ...ExternalLoginInfo loginInfo = await AuthManager.GetExternalLoginInfoAsync();... The ExternalLoginInfo class defines the properties shown in Table 15-10. ExternalLoginInfo类定义的属性如表15-10所示： Table 15-10. The Properties Defined by the ExternalLoginInfo Class 表15-10. ExternalLoginInfo类所定义的属性 Name 名称 Description 描述 DefaultUserName Returns the username 返回用户名 Email Returns the e-mail address 返回E-mail地址 ExternalIdentity Returns a ClaimsIdentity that identities the user 返回标识该用户的ClaimsIdentity Login Returns a UserLoginInfo that describes the external login 返回描述外部登录的UserLoginInfo I use the FindAsync method defined by the user manager class to locate the user based on the value of the ExternalLoginInfo.Login property, which returns an AppUser object if the user has been authenticated with the application before: 我使用了由用户管理器类所定义的FindAsync方法，以便根据ExternalLoginInfo.Login属性的值对用户进行定位，如果用户之前在应用程序中已经认证，该属性会返回一个AppUser对象： ...AppUser user = await UserManager.FindAsync(loginInfo.Login);... If the FindAsync method doesn’t return an AppUser object, then I know that this is the first time that this user has logged into the application, so I create a new AppUser object, populate it with values, and save it to the database. I also save details of how the user logged in so that I can find them next time: 如果FindAsync方法返回的不是AppUser对象，那么我便知道这是用户首次登录应用程序，于是便创建了一个新的AppUser对象，填充该对象的值，并将其保存到数据库。我还保存了用户如何登录的细节，以便下次能够找到他们： ...result = await UserManager.AddLoginAsync(user.Id, loginInfo.Login);... All that remains is to generate an identity the user, copy the claims provided by Google, and create an authentication cookie so that the application knows the user has been authenticated: 剩下的事情只是生成该用户的标识了，拷贝Google提供的声明（Claims），并创建一个认证Cookie，以使应用程序知道此用户已认证： ...ClaimsIdentity ident = await UserManager.CreateIdentityAsync(user,DefaultAuthenticationTypes.ApplicationCookie);ident.AddClaims(loginInfo.ExternalIdentity.Claims);AuthManager.SignIn(new AuthenticationProperties { IsPersistent = false }, ident);... 15.4.2 Testing Google Authentication 15.4.2 测试Google认证 There is one further change that I need to make before I can test Google authentication: I need to change the account verification I set up in Chapter 13 because it prevents accounts from being created with e-mail addresses that are not within the example.com domain. Listing 15-25 shows how I removed the verification from the AppUserManager class. 在测试Google认证之前还需要一处修改：需要修改第13章所建立的账号验证，因为它不允许example.com域之外的E-mail地址创建账号。清单15-25显示了如何在AppUserManager类中删除这种验证。 Listing 15-25. Disabling Account Validation in the AppUserManager.cs File 清单15-25. 在AppUserManager.cs文件中取消账号验证 using Microsoft.AspNet.Identity;using Microsoft.AspNet.Identity.EntityFramework;using Microsoft.AspNet.Identity.Owin;using Microsoft.Owin;using Users.Models; namespace Users.Infrastructure {public class AppUserManager : UserManager<AppUser> {public AppUserManager(IUserStore<AppUser> store): base(store) {}public static AppUserManager Create(IdentityFactoryOptions<AppUserManager> options,IOwinContext context) {AppIdentityDbContext db = context.Get<AppIdentityDbContext>();AppUserManager manager = new AppUserManager(new UserStore<AppUser>(db)); manager.PasswordValidator = new CustomPasswordValidator {RequiredLength = 6,RequireNonLetterOrDigit = false,RequireDigit = false,RequireLowercase = true,RequireUppercase = true}; //manager.UserValidator = new CustomUserValidator(manager) {// AllowOnlyAlphanumericUserNames = true,// RequireUniqueEmail = true//};return manager;} }} Tip you can use validation for externally authenticated accounts, but I am just going to disable the feature for simplicity. 提示：也可以使用外部已认证账号的验证，但这里出于简化，取消了这一特性。 To test authentication, start the application, click the Log In via Google button, and provide the credentials for a valid Google account. When you have completed the authentication process, your browser will be redirected back to the application. If you navigate to the /Claims/Index URL, you will be able to see how claims from the Google system have been added to the user’s identity, as shown in Figure 15-7. 为了测试认证，启动应用程序，通过点击“Log In via Google（通过Google登录）”按钮，并提供有效的Google账号凭据。当你完成了认证过程时，浏览器将被重定向回应用程序。如果导航到/Claims/Index URL，便能够看到来自Google系统的声明（Claims），已被添加到用户的标识中了，如图15-7所示。 Figure 15-7. Claims from Google 图15-7. 来自Google的声明（Claims） 15.5 Summary 15.5 小结 In this chapter, I showed you some of the advanced features that ASP.NET Identity supports. I demonstrated the use of custom user properties and how to use database migrations to preserve data when you upgrade the schema to support them. I explained how claims work and how they can be used to create more flexible ways of authorizing users. I finished the chapter by showing you how to authenticate users via Google, which builds on the ideas behind the use of claims. 本章向你演示了ASP.NET Identity所支持的一些高级特性。演示了自定义用户属性的使用，还演示了在升级数据架构时，如何使用数据库迁移保护数据。我解释了声明（Claims）的工作机制，以及如何将它们用于创建更灵活的用户授权方式。最后演示了如何通过Google进行认证结束了本章，这是建立在使用声明（Claims）的思想基础之上的。 本篇文章为转载内容。原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/gz19871113/article/details/108591802。 该文由互联网用户投稿提供，文中观点代表作者本人意见，并不代表本站的立场。 作为信息平台，本站仅提供文章转载服务，并不拥有其所有权，也不对文章内容的真实性、准确性和合法性承担责任。 如发现本文存在侵权、违法、违规或事实不符的情况，请及时联系我们，我们将第一时间进行核实并删除相应内容。

...ds -- json类型的str -> python类型的字典def query():headers = {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/89.0.4389.128 Safari/537.36','Cookie':'_uab_collina=159490169403897938828076; JSESSIONID=090F384AC50BE0F1AFA3892BE3F6DBE9; _jc_save_wfdc_flag=dc; _jc_save_fromStation=%u957F%u6C99%2CCSQ; _jc_save_toStation=%u5317%u4EAC%2CBJP; RAIL_DEVICEID=bbXqzYOPTc-SPgujxnGkCBr9t3sq0JQoMSYUdg-FxjyQ5IkfcPCNoreXmBAIh2HSrM9Z9awDR5onIQwy4EZ8pAhaGXWYBAH6etIlFc4dyxLudz525GAcRgVX5HLIxOE1orODUNSb9wvTBAJptPms1z5Pz5K6FXES; RAIL_EXPIRATION=1619479086609; _jc_save_toDate=2021-04-23; BIGipServerpool_passport=182714890.50215.0000; route=6f50b51faa11b987e576cdb301e545c4; _jc_save_fromDate=2021-04-26; BIGipServerportal=3067347210.16671.0000; BIGipServerotn=1725497610.50210.0000'}response = requests.get('https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/query?leftTicketDTO.train_date=2021-\04-26&leftTicketDTO.from_station=CSQ&leftTicketDTO.to_station=BJP&purpose_codes=ADULT',headers=headers) print(response.content.decode('utf-8'))return response.json()['data']['result']for i in query(): print(i)tem_list = i.split('|') 定义一个标记 给每个数据做个标记 j = 0 技术特别 for n in tem_list: print(j,n) j += 1 通过以上的测试我们知道了 列出是下标索引为3的数据 软卧是下标索引为23的数据if tem_list[23] != '无' and tem_list[23] != '':print(tem_list[3],'有票',tem_list[23])else:print(tem_list[3],'无票') 三、session Session与cookie功能效果相同。Session与Cookie的区别在于Session是记录在服务端的，而Cookie是记录在客户端的。 由于cookie 是存在用户端，而且它本身存储的尺寸大小也有限，最关键是用户可以是可见的，并可以随意的修改，很不安全。那如何又要安全，又可以方便的全局读取信息呢？于是，这个时候，一种新的存储会话机制：session 诞生了 突破12306验证码import requestsreq = requests.session() 保持会话def login(): 笔记本 win7 python3.6 获取验证码图片pic_response = req.get('https://kyfw.12306.cn/passport/captcha/captcha-image?login_site=E&module=login&rand=sjrand')codeImage = pic_response.contentfn = open('code2.png','wb')fn.write(codeImage)fn.close() 从验证码图片的左上角 (0,0)codeStr = input('请输入验证码坐标:')headers = {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/89.0.4389.128 Safari/537.36'}data = {'answer': codeStr,'rand': 'sjrand','login_site': 'E'}response = req.post('https://kyfw.12306.cn/passport/captcha/captcha-check',data=data,headers=headers)print(response.text)login() base64伪加密 根本不算是一种加密算法 只不过它的数据看上去更像密文而已 64个字符来表示任意的二进制数据的方法 使用 A-Z A-Z 0 - 9 + / 这64个字符进行加密 import base64url = '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'img_data = base64.b64decode(url) 返回的是二进制数据print(type(img_data))fn = open('code.png','wb')fn.write(img_data)fn.close()'''我们打开了一个有base64加密的图片数据''' 本篇文章为转载内容。原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/httpsssss/article/details/116136614。 该文由互联网用户投稿提供，文中观点代表作者本人意见，并不代表本站的立场。 作为信息平台，本站仅提供文章转载服务，并不拥有其所有权，也不对文章内容的真实性、准确性和合法性承担责任。 如发现本文存在侵权、违法、违规或事实不符的情况，请及时联系我们，我们将第一时间进行核实并删除相应内容。