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...r kafka mysql redis//可以尝试保存队列//try 3 times //可以尝试几次，比如3次，重新去抢队列，3次还不行就丢弃if(executor.getQueue().size() < 10000) {//尝试条件，如果size>10000了,就执行拒绝策略//try put again();//如果小于10000，尝试将其放到队列中} }} } 10、ForkJoinPool线程池1：ForkJoinPool 前面我们讲过线程分为两大类，TPE和FJP ForkJoinPool（分解汇总任务(将任务细化，最后汇总结果)，少量线程执行多个任务（子任务，TPE做不到先执行子任务），CPU密集型） 适合将大任务切分成多个小任务运行 两个方法，fork()：分子任务，将子任务分配到线程池中 join()：当前任务的计算结果，如果有子任务，等子任务结果返回后再汇总 下面实例实现，一百万个随机数求和，由两种方法实现，一种ForkJoinPool分任务并行，一种使用单线程做 import java.io.IOException;import java.util.Arrays;import java.util.Random;import java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinPool;import java.util.concurrent.RecursiveAction;import java.util.concurrent.RecursiveTask;public class T12_ForkJoinPool {//1000000个随机数求和static int[] nums = new int[1000000];//一堆数static final int MAX_NUM = 50000;//分任务时，每个任务的操作量不能多于50000个，否则就继续细分static Random r = new Random();//使用随机数将数组初始化static {for(int i=0; i<nums.length; i++) {nums[i] = r.nextInt(100);}System.out.println("---" + Arrays.stream(nums).sum()); //stream api 单线程就这么做，一个一个加}//分任务，需要继承，可以继承RecursiveAction(不需要返回值，一般用在不需要返回值的场景)或//RecursiveTask(需要返回值，我们用这个，因为我们需要最后获取求和结果)两个更好实现的类，//他俩继承与ForkJoinTaskstatic class AddTaskRet extends RecursiveTask<Long> {private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;int start, end;AddTaskRet(int s, int e) {start = s;end = e;}@Overrideprotected Long compute() {if(end-start <= MAX_NUM) {//如果任务操作数小于规定的最大操作数，就进行运算，long sum = 0L;for(int i=start; i<end; i++) sum += nums[i];return sum;//返回结果} //如果分配的操作数大于规定，就继续细分（简单的重中点分，两半）int middle = start + (end-start)/2;//获取中间值AddTaskRet subTask1 = new AddTaskRet(start, middle);//传入起始值和中间值，表示一个子任务AddTaskRet subTask2 = new AddTaskRet(middle, end);//中间值和结尾值，表示一个子任务subTask1.fork();//分任务subTask2.fork();//分任务return subTask1.join() + subTask2.join();//最后返回结果汇总} }public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {/ForkJoinPool fjp = new ForkJoinPool();AddTask task = new AddTask(0, nums.length);fjp.execute(task);/ForkJoinPool fjp = new ForkJoinPool();//创建线程池AddTaskRet task = new AddTaskRet(0, nums.length);//创建任务fjp.execute(task);//传入任务long result = task.join();//返回汇总结果System.out.println(result);//System.in.read();} } 11、ForkJoinPool线程池2：WorkStealingPool 任务偷取线程池 原来的线程池，都是有一个任务队列，而这个不同，它给每个线程都分配了一个任务队列 当某一个线程的任务队列没有任务，并且自己空闲，它就去其它线程的任务队列中偷任务，所以叫任务偷取线程池 细节：当线程自己从自己的任务队列拿任务时，不需要加锁，但是偷任务时，因为有两个线程，可能发生同步问题，需要加锁 此线程继承FJP 实例 import java.io.IOException;import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;import java.util.concurrent.Executors;import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;public class T11_WorkStealingPool {public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {ExecutorService service = Executors.newWorkStealingPool();System.out.println(Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors());service.execute(new R(1000));service.execute(new R(2000));service.execute(new R(2000));service.execute(new R(2000)); //daemonservice.execute(new R(2000));//由于产生的是精灵线程（守护线程、后台线程），主线程不阻塞的话，看不到输出System.in.read(); }static class R implements Runnable {int time;R(int t) {this.time = t;}@Overridepublic void run() {try {TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(time);} catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();}System.out.println(time + " " + Thread.currentThread().getName());} }} 12、流式API：ParallelStreamAPI 不懂的请参考：https://blog.csdn.net/grd_java/article/details/110265219 实例 import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.List;import java.util.Random;public class T13_ParallelStreamAPI {public static void main(String[] args) {List<Integer> nums = new ArrayList<>();Random r = new Random();for(int i=0; i<10000; i++) nums.add(1000000 + r.nextInt(1000000));//System.out.println(nums);long start = System.currentTimeMillis();nums.forEach(v->isPrime(v));long end = System.currentTimeMillis();System.out.println(end - start);//使用parallel stream apistart = System.currentTimeMillis();nums.parallelStream().forEach(T13_ParallelStreamAPI::isPrime);//并行流，将任务切分成子任务执行end = System.currentTimeMillis();System.out.println(end - start);}static boolean isPrime(int num) {for(int i=2; i<=num/2; i++) {if(num % i == 0) return false;}return true;} } 13、总结 总结 Callable相当于一Runnable但是它有返回值 Future：存储执行完产生的结果 FutureTask 相当于Future+Runnable，既可以执行任务，又能获取任务执行的Future结果 CompletableFuture 可以多任务异步，并对多任务控制，整合任务结果，细化完美，比如可以一个任务完成就可以整合结果，也可以所有任务完成才整合结果 4、ThreadPoolExecutor源码解析 依然只讲重点，实际还需要大家按照上篇博客中看源码的方式来看 1、常用变量的解释 // 1. ctl，可以看做一个int类型的数字，高3位表示线程池状态，低29位表示worker数量private final AtomicInteger ctl = new AtomicInteger(ctlOf(RUNNING, 0));// 2. COUNT_BITS，Integer.SIZE为32，所以COUNT_BITS为29private static final int COUNT_BITS = Integer.SIZE - 3;// 3. CAPACITY，线程池允许的最大线程数。1左移29位，然后减1，即为 2^29 - 1private static final int CAPACITY = (1 << COUNT_BITS) - 1;// runState is stored in the high-order bits// 4. 线程池有5种状态，按大小排序如下：RUNNING < SHUTDOWN < STOP < TIDYING < TERMINATEDprivate static final int RUNNING = -1 << COUNT_BITS;private static final int SHUTDOWN = 0 << COUNT_BITS;private static final int STOP = 1 << COUNT_BITS;private static final int TIDYING = 2 << COUNT_BITS;private static final int TERMINATED = 3 << COUNT_BITS;// Packing and unpacking ctl// 5. runStateOf()，获取线程池状态，通过按位与操作，低29位将全部变成0private static int runStateOf(int c) { return c & ~CAPACITY; }// 6. workerCountOf()，获取线程池worker数量，通过按位与操作，高3位将全部变成0private static int workerCountOf(int c) { return c & CAPACITY; }// 7. ctlOf()，根据线程池状态和线程池worker数量，生成ctl值private static int ctlOf(int rs, int wc) { return rs | wc; }/ Bit field accessors that don't require unpacking ctl. These depend on the bit layout and on workerCount being never negative./// 8. runStateLessThan()，线程池状态小于xxprivate static boolean runStateLessThan(int c, int s) {return c < s;}// 9. runStateAtLeast()，线程池状态大于等于xxprivate static boolean runStateAtLeast(int c, int s) {return c >= s;} 2、构造方法 public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,int maximumPoolSize,long keepAliveTime,TimeUnit unit,BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue,ThreadFactory threadFactory,RejectedExecutionHandler handler) {// 基本类型参数校验if (corePoolSize < 0 ||maximumPoolSize <= 0 ||maximumPoolSize < corePoolSize ||keepAliveTime < 0)throw new IllegalArgumentException();// 空指针校验if (workQueue == null || threadFactory == null || handler == null)throw new NullPointerException();this.corePoolSize = corePoolSize;this.maximumPoolSize = maximumPoolSize;this.workQueue = workQueue;// 根据传入参数unit和keepAliveTime，将存活时间转换为纳秒存到变量keepAliveTime 中this.keepAliveTime = unit.toNanos(keepAliveTime);this.threadFactory = threadFactory;this.handler = handler;} 3、提交执行task的过程 public void execute(Runnable command) {if (command == null)throw new NullPointerException();/ Proceed in 3 steps: 1. If fewer than corePoolSize threads are running, try to start a new thread with the given command as its first task. The call to addWorker atomically checks runState and workerCount, and so prevents false alarms that would add threads when it shouldn't, by returning false. 2. If a task can be successfully queued, then we still need to double-check whether we should have added a thread (because existing ones died since last checking) or that the pool shut down since entry into this method. So we recheck state and if necessary roll back the enqueuing if stopped, or start a new thread if there are none. 3. If we cannot queue task, then we try to add a new thread. If it fails, we know we are shut down or saturated and so reject the task./int c = ctl.get();// worker数量比核心线程数小，直接创建worker执行任务if (workerCountOf(c) < corePoolSize) {if (addWorker(command, true))return;c = ctl.get();}// worker数量超过核心线程数，任务直接进入队列if (isRunning(c) && workQueue.offer(command)) {int recheck = ctl.get();// 线程池状态不是RUNNING状态，说明执行过shutdown命令，需要对新加入的任务执行reject()操作。// 这儿为什么需要recheck，是因为任务入队列前后，线程池的状态可能会发生变化。if (! isRunning(recheck) && remove(command))reject(command);// 这儿为什么需要判断0值，主要是在线程池构造方法中，核心线程数允许为0else if (workerCountOf(recheck) == 0)addWorker(null, false);}// 如果线程池不是运行状态，或者任务进入队列失败，则尝试创建worker执行任务。// 这儿有3点需要注意：// 1. 线程池不是运行状态时，addWorker内部会判断线程池状态// 2. addWorker第2个参数表示是否创建核心线程// 3. addWorker返回false，则说明任务执行失败，需要执行reject操作else if (!addWorker(command, false))reject(command);} 4、addworker源码解析 private boolean addWorker(Runnable firstTask, boolean core) {retry:// 外层自旋for (;;) {int c = ctl.get();int rs = runStateOf(c);// 这个条件写得比较难懂，我对其进行了调整，和下面的条件等价// (rs > SHUTDOWN) || // (rs == SHUTDOWN && firstTask != null) || // (rs == SHUTDOWN && workQueue.isEmpty())// 1. 线程池状态大于SHUTDOWN时，直接返回false// 2. 线程池状态等于SHUTDOWN，且firstTask不为null，直接返回false// 3. 线程池状态等于SHUTDOWN，且队列为空，直接返回false// Check if queue empty only if necessary.if (rs >= SHUTDOWN &&! (rs == SHUTDOWN &&firstTask == null &&! workQueue.isEmpty()))return false;// 内层自旋for (;;) {int wc = workerCountOf(c);// worker数量超过容量，直接返回falseif (wc >= CAPACITY ||wc >= (core ? corePoolSize : maximumPoolSize))return false;// 使用CAS的方式增加worker数量。// 若增加成功，则直接跳出外层循环进入到第二部分if (compareAndIncrementWorkerCount(c))break retry;c = ctl.get(); // Re-read ctl// 线程池状态发生变化，对外层循环进行自旋if (runStateOf(c) != rs)continue retry;// 其他情况，直接内层循环进行自旋即可// else CAS failed due to workerCount change; retry inner loop} }boolean workerStarted = false;boolean workerAdded = false;Worker w = null;try {w = new Worker(firstTask);final Thread t = w.thread;if (t != null) {final ReentrantLock mainLock = this.mainLock;// worker的添加必须是串行的，因此需要加锁mainLock.lock();try {// Recheck while holding lock.// Back out on ThreadFactory failure or if// shut down before lock acquired.// 这儿需要重新检查线程池状态int rs = runStateOf(ctl.get());if (rs < SHUTDOWN ||(rs == SHUTDOWN && firstTask == null)) {// worker已经调用过了start()方法，则不再创建workerif (t.isAlive()) // precheck that t is startablethrow new IllegalThreadStateException();// worker创建并添加到workers成功workers.add(w);// 更新largestPoolSize变量int s = workers.size();if (s > largestPoolSize)largestPoolSize = s;workerAdded = true;} } finally {mainLock.unlock();}// 启动worker线程if (workerAdded) {t.start();workerStarted = true;} }} finally {// worker线程启动失败，说明线程池状态发生了变化（关闭操作被执行），需要进行shutdown相关操作if (! workerStarted)addWorkerFailed(w);}return workerStarted;} 5、线程池worker任务单元 private final class Workerextends AbstractQueuedSynchronizerimplements Runnable{/ This class will never be serialized, but we provide a serialVersionUID to suppress a javac warning./private static final long serialVersionUID = 6138294804551838833L;/ Thread this worker is running in. Null if factory fails. /final Thread thread;/ Initial task to run. Possibly null. /Runnable firstTask;/ Per-thread task counter /volatile long completedTasks;/ Creates with given first task and thread from ThreadFactory. @param firstTask the first task (null if none)/Worker(Runnable firstTask) {setState(-1); // inhibit interrupts until runWorkerthis.firstTask = firstTask;// 这儿是Worker的关键所在，使用了线程工厂创建了一个线程。传入的参数为当前workerthis.thread = getThreadFactory().newThread(this);}/ Delegates main run loop to outer runWorker /public void run() {runWorker(this);}// 省略代码...} 6、核心线程执行逻辑-runworker final void runWorker(Worker w) {Thread wt = Thread.currentThread();Runnable task = w.firstTask;w.firstTask = null;// 调用unlock()是为了让外部可以中断w.unlock(); // allow interrupts// 这个变量用于判断是否进入过自旋（while循环）boolean completedAbruptly = true;try {// 这儿是自旋// 1. 如果firstTask不为null，则执行firstTask；// 2. 如果firstTask为null，则调用getTask()从队列获取任务。// 3. 阻塞队列的特性就是：当队列为空时，当前线程会被阻塞等待while (task != null || (task = getTask()) != null) {// 这儿对worker进行加锁，是为了达到下面的目的// 1. 降低锁范围，提升性能// 2. 保证每个worker执行的任务是串行的w.lock();// If pool is stopping, ensure thread is interrupted;// if not, ensure thread is not interrupted. This// requires a recheck in second case to deal with// shutdownNow race while clearing interrupt// 如果线程池正在停止，则对当前线程进行中断操作if ((runStateAtLeast(ctl.get(), STOP) ||(Thread.interrupted() &&runStateAtLeast(ctl.get(), STOP))) &&!wt.isInterrupted())wt.interrupt();// 执行任务，且在执行前后通过beforeExecute()和afterExecute()来扩展其功能。// 这两个方法在当前类里面为空实现。try {beforeExecute(wt, task);Throwable thrown = null;try {task.run();} catch (RuntimeException x) {thrown = x; throw x;} catch (Error x) {thrown = x; throw x;} catch (Throwable x) {thrown = x; throw new Error(x);} finally {afterExecute(task, thrown);} } finally {// 帮助gctask = null;// 已完成任务数加一 w.completedTasks++;w.unlock();} }completedAbruptly = false;} finally {// 自旋操作被退出，说明线程池正在结束processWorkerExit(w, completedAbruptly);} } 本篇文章为转载内容。原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/grd_java/article/details/113116244。 该文由互联网用户投稿提供，文中观点代表作者本人意见，并不代表本站的立场。 作为信息平台，本站仅提供文章转载服务，并不拥有其所有权，也不对文章内容的真实性、准确性和合法性承担责任。 如发现本文存在侵权、违法、违规或事实不符的情况，请及时联系我们，我们将第一时间进行核实并删除相应内容。