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...据节点与数据重分布 在线新增节点、并重新分布数据。 新增datanode节点 在gtm集群管理节点上执行pgxc_ctl命令 [postgres@gtm ~]$ pgxc_ctl/bin/bashInstalling pgxc_ctl_bash script as /home/postgres/pgxc_ctl/pgxc_ctl_bash.Installing pgxc_ctl_bash script as /home/postgres/pgxc_ctl/pgxc_ctl_bash.Reading configuration using /home/postgres/pgxc_ctl/pgxc_ctl_bash --home /home/postgres/pgxc_ctl --configuration /home/postgres/pgxc_ctl/pgxc_ctl.confFinished reading configuration. PGXC_CTL START Current directory: /home/postgres/pgxc_ctlPGXC 在服务器xl3上，新增一个master角色的datanode节点，名称是datanode3 端口号暂定5430，pool master暂定6669 ，指定好数据目录位置，从两个节点升级到3个节点，之后要写3个none none应该是datanodeSpecificExtraConfig或者datanodeSpecificExtraPgHba配置PGXC add datanode master datanode3 xl3 15432 6671 /home/postgres/pgxc/nodes/datanode/datanode3 none none none 等待新增完成后，查询集群节点状态： postgres= select from pgxc_node;node_name | node_type | node_port | node_host | nodeis_primary | nodeis_preferred | node_id-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------------+------------------+-------------datanode1 | D | 15432 | xl1 | t | f | 888802358datanode2 | D | 15432 | xl2 | f | f | -905831925datanode3 | D | 15432 | xl3 | f | f | -705831925coord1 | C | 5432 | xl1 | f | f | 1885696643coord2 | C | 5432 | xl2 | f | f | -1197102633(4 rows) 节点新增完毕 数据重新分布 由于新增节点后无法自动完成数据重新分布，需要手动操作。 DISTRIBUTE表分布在了node1,node2节点上，如下： postgres= SELECT xc_node_id, count() FROM disttab GROUP BY xc_node_id;xc_node_id | count ------------+-------1148549230 | 42-927910690 | 58(2 rows) 新增一个节点后，将sharding表数据重新分配到三个节点上，将repl表复制到新节点 重分布sharding表postgres= ALTER TABLE disttab ADD NODE (datanode3);ALTER TABLE 复制数据到新节点postgres= ALTER TABLE repltab ADD NODE (datanode3);ALTER TABLE 查看新的数据分布： postgres= SELECT xc_node_id, count() FROM disttab GROUP BY xc_node_id;xc_node_id | count ------------+--------700122826 | 36-927910690 | 321148549230 | 32(3 rows) 登录datanode3(新增的时候，放在了xl3服务器上，端口15432)节点查看数据： [postgres@gtm ~]$ psql -h xl3 -p 15432 -U postgrespsql (PGXL 10r1.1, based on PG 10.6 (Postgres-XL 10r1.1))Type "help" for help.postgres= select count() from repltab;count -------100(1 row) 很明显,通过 ALTER TABLE tt ADD NODE (dn)命令，可以将DISTRIBUTE表数据重新分布到新节点，重分布过程中会中断所有事务。可以将REPLICATION表数据复制到新节点。 从datanode节点中回收数据 postgres= ALTER TABLE disttab DELETE NODE (datanode3);ALTER TABLEpostgres= ALTER TABLE repltab DELETE NODE (datanode3);ALTER TABLE 删除数据节点 Postgresql-XL并没有检查将被删除的datanode节点是否有replicated/distributed表的数据，为了数据安全，在删除之前需要检查下被删除节点上的数据，有数据的话，要回收掉分配到其他节点，然后才能安全删除。删除数据节点分为四步骤： 1.查询要删除节点dn3的oid postgres= SELECT oid, FROM pgxc_node;oid | node_name | node_type | node_port | node_host | nodeis_primary | nodeis_preferred | node_id -------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------------+------------------+-------------11819 | coord1 | C | 5432 | datanode1 | f | f | 188569664316384 | coord2 | C | 5432 | datanode2 | f | f | -119710263316385 | node1 | D | 5433 | datanode1 | f | t | 114854923016386 | node2 | D | 5433 | datanode2 | f | f | -92791069016397 | dn3 | D | 5430 | datanode1 | f | f | -700122826(5 rows) 2.查询dn3对应的oid中是否有数据 testdb= SELECT FROM pgxc_class WHERE nodeoids::integer[] @> ARRAY[16397];pcrelid | pclocatortype | pcattnum | pchashalgorithm | pchashbuckets | nodeoids ---------+---------------+----------+-----------------+---------------+-------------------16388 | H | 1 | 1 | 4096 | 16397 16385 1638616394 | R | 0 | 0 | 0 | 16397 16385 16386(2 rows) 3.有数据的先回收数据 postgres= ALTER TABLE disttab DELETE NODE (dn3);ALTER TABLEpostgres= ALTER TABLE repltab DELETE NODE (dn3);ALTER TABLEpostgres= SELECT FROM pgxc_class WHERE nodeoids::integer[] @> ARRAY[16397];pcrelid | pclocatortype | pcattnum | pchashalgorithm | pchashbuckets | nodeoids ---------+---------------+----------+-----------------+---------------+----------(0 rows) 4.安全删除dn3 PGXC$ remove datanode master dn3 clean 故障节点FAILOVER 1.查看当前集群状态 [postgres@gtm ~]$ psql -h xl1 -p 5432psql (PGXL 10r1.1, based on PG 10.6 (Postgres-XL 10r1.1))Type "help" for help.postgres= SELECT oid, FROM pgxc_node;oid | node_name | node_type | node_port | node_host | nodeis_primary | nodeis_preferred | node_id-------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------------+------------------+-------------11739 | coord1 | C | 5432 | xl1 | f | f | 188569664316384 | coord2 | C | 5432 | xl2 | f | f | -119710263316387 | datanode2 | D | 15432 | xl2 | f | f | -90583192516388 | datanode1 | D | 15432 | xl1 | t | t | 888802358(4 rows) 2.模拟datanode1节点故障 直接关闭即可 PGXC stop -m immediate datanode master datanode1Stopping datanode master datanode1.Done. 3.测试查询 只要查询涉及到datanode1上的数据，那么该查询就会报错 postgres= SELECT xc_node_id, count() FROM disttab GROUP BY xc_node_id;WARNING: failed to receive file descriptors for connectionsERROR: Failed to get pooled connectionsHINT: This may happen because one or more nodes are currently unreachable, either because of node or network failure.Its also possible that the target node may have hit the connection limit or the pooler is configured with low connections.Please check if all nodes are running fine and also review max_connections and max_pool_size configuration parameterspostgres= SELECT xc_node_id, FROM disttab WHERE col1 = 3;xc_node_id | col1 | col2 | col3------------+------+------+-------905831925 | 3 | 103 | foo(1 row) 测试发现，查询范围如果涉及到故障的node1节点，会报错，而查询的数据范围不在node1上的话，仍然可以查询。 4.手动切换 要想切换，必须要提前配置slave节点。 PGXC$ failover datanode node1 切换完成后，查询集群 postgres= SELECT oid, FROM pgxc_node;oid | node_name | node_type | node_port | node_host | nodeis_primary | nodeis_preferred | node_id -------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------------+------------------+-------------11819 | coord1 | C | 5432 | datanode1 | f | f | 188569664316384 | coord2 | C | 5432 | datanode2 | f | f | -119710263316386 | node2 | D | 15432 | datanode2 | f | f | -92791069016385 | node1 | D | 15433 | datanode2 | f | t | 1148549230(4 rows) 发现datanode1节点的ip和端口都已经替换为配置的slave了。 本篇文章为转载内容。原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qianglei6077/article/details/94379331。 该文由互联网用户投稿提供，文中观点代表作者本人意见，并不代表本站的立场。 作为信息平台，本站仅提供文章转载服务，并不拥有其所有权，也不对文章内容的真实性、准确性和合法性承担责任。 如发现本文存在侵权、违法、违规或事实不符的情况，请及时联系我们，我们将第一时间进行核实并删除相应内容。

...reaming做实时在线统计。那么数据就需要放进消息系统（Kafka）中，我们的Spark Streaming应用程序就会去Kafka中Pull数据过来进行计算和消费，并把计算后的数据放入到持久化系统中（MySQL） 广告点击系统实时分析的意义：因为可以在线实时的看见广告的投放效果，就为广告的更大规模的投入和调整打下了坚实的基础，从而为公司带来最大化的经济回报。 核心需求： 1、实时黑名单动态过滤出有效的用户广告点击行为：因为黑名单用户可能随时出现，所以需要动态更新； 2、在线计算广告点击流量； 3、Top3热门广告； 4、每个广告流量趋势； 5、广告点击用户的区域分布分析 6、最近一分钟的广告点击量； 7、整个广告点击Spark Streaming处理程序724小时运行； 数据格式： 时间、用户、广告、城市等 技术细节： 在线计算用户点击的次数分析，屏蔽IP等； 使用updateStateByKey或者mapWithState进行不同地区广告点击排名的计算； Spark Streaming+Spark SQL+Spark Core等综合分析数据； 使用Window类型的操作； 高可用和性能调优等等； 流量趋势，一般会结合DB等； Spark Core / /package com.tom.spark.SparkApps.sparkstreaming;import java.util.Date;import java.util.HashMap;import java.util.Map;import java.util.Properties;import java.util.Random;import kafka.javaapi.producer.Producer;import kafka.producer.KeyedMessage;import kafka.producer.ProducerConfig;/ 数据生成代码，Kafka Producer产生数据/public class MockAdClickedStat {/ @param args/public static void main(String[] args) {final Random random = new Random();final String[] provinces = new String[]{"Guangdong", "Zhejiang", "Jiangsu", "Fujian"};final Map<String, String[]> cities = new HashMap<String, String[]>();cities.put("Guangdong", new String[]{"Guangzhou", "Shenzhen", "Dongguan"});cities.put("Zhejiang", new String[]{"Hangzhou", "Wenzhou", "Ningbo"});cities.put("Jiangsu", new String[]{"Nanjing", "Suzhou", "Wuxi"});cities.put("Fujian", new String[]{"Fuzhou", "Xiamen", "Sanming"});final String[] ips = new String[] {"192.168.112.240","192.168.112.239","192.168.112.245","192.168.112.246","192.168.112.247","192.168.112.248","192.168.112.249","192.168.112.250","192.168.112.251","192.168.112.252","192.168.112.253","192.168.112.254",};/ Kafka相关的基本配置信息/Properties kafkaConf = new Properties();kafkaConf.put("serializer.class", "kafka.serializer.StringEncoder");kafkaConf.put("metadeta.broker.list", "Master:9092,Worker1:9092,Worker2:9092");ProducerConfig producerConfig = new ProducerConfig(kafkaConf);final Producer<Integer, String> producer = new Producer<Integer, String>(producerConfig);new Thread(new Runnable() {public void run() {while(true) {//在线处理广告点击流的基本数据格式：timestamp、ip、userID、adID、province、cityLong timestamp = new Date().getTime();String ip = ips[random.nextInt(12)]; //可以采用网络上免费提供的ip库int userID = random.nextInt(10000);int adID = random.nextInt(100);String province = provinces[random.nextInt(4)];String city = cities.get(province)[random.nextInt(3)];String clickedAd = timestamp + "\t" + ip + "\t" + userID + "\t" + adID + "\t" + province + "\t" + city;producer.send(new KeyedMessage<Integer, String>("AdClicked", clickedAd));try {Thread.sleep(50);} catch (InterruptedException e) {// TODO Auto-generated catch blocke.printStackTrace();} }} }).start();} } package com.tom.spark.SparkApps.sparkstreaming;import java.sql.Connection;import java.sql.DriverManager;import java.sql.PreparedStatement;import java.sql.ResultSet;import java.sql.SQLException;import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.Arrays;import java.util.HashMap;import java.util.HashSet;import java.util.Iterator;import java.util.List;import java.util.Map;import java.util.Set;import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;import kafka.serializer.StringDecoder;import org.apache.spark.SparkConf;import org.apache.spark.api.java.JavaPairRDD;import org.apache.spark.api.java.JavaRDD;import org.apache.spark.api.java.JavaSparkContext;import org.apache.spark.api.java.function.Function;import org.apache.spark.api.java.function.Function2;import org.apache.spark.api.java.function.PairFunction;import org.apache.spark.api.java.function.VoidFunction;import org.apache.spark.sql.DataFrame;import org.apache.spark.sql.Row;import org.apache.spark.sql.RowFactory;import org.apache.spark.sql.hive.HiveContext;import org.apache.spark.sql.types.DataTypes;import org.apache.spark.sql.types.StructType;import org.apache.spark.streaming.Durations;import org.apache.spark.streaming.api.java.JavaDStream;import org.apache.spark.streaming.api.java.JavaPairDStream;import org.apache.spark.streaming.api.java.JavaPairInputDStream;import org.apache.spark.streaming.api.java.JavaStreamingContext;import org.apache.spark.streaming.api.java.JavaStreamingContextFactory;import org.apache.spark.streaming.kafka.KafkaUtils;import com.google.common.base.Optional;import scala.Tuple2;/ 数据处理，Kafka消费者/public class AdClickedStreamingStats {/ @param args/public static void main(String[] args) {// TODO Auto-generated method stub//好处：1、checkpoint 2、工厂final SparkConf conf = new SparkConf().setAppName("SparkStreamingOnKafkaDirect").setMaster("hdfs://Master:7077/");final String checkpointDirectory = "hdfs://Master:9000/library/SparkStreaming/CheckPoint_Data";JavaStreamingContextFactory factory = new JavaStreamingContextFactory() {public JavaStreamingContext create() {// TODO Auto-generated method stubreturn createContext(checkpointDirectory, conf);} };/ 可以从失败中恢复Driver，不过还需要指定Driver这个进程运行在Cluster，并且在提交应用程序的时候制定--supervise;/JavaStreamingContext javassc = JavaStreamingContext.getOrCreate(checkpointDirectory, factory);/ 第三步：创建Spark Streaming输入数据来源input Stream: 1、数据输入来源可以基于File、HDFS、Flume、Kafka、Socket等 2、在这里我们指定数据来源于网络Socket端口，Spark Streaming连接上该端口并在运行的时候一直监听该端口的数据 (当然该端口服务首先必须存在），并且在后续会根据业务需要不断有数据产生（当然对于Spark Streaming 应用程序的运行而言，有无数据其处理流程都是一样的） 3、如果经常在每间隔5秒钟没有数据的话不断启动空的Job其实会造成调度资源的浪费，因为并没有数据需要发生计算；所以 实际的企业级生成环境的代码在具体提交Job前会判断是否有数据，如果没有的话就不再提交Job；///创建Kafka元数据来让Spark Streaming这个Kafka Consumer利用Map<String, String> kafkaParameters = new HashMap<String, String>();kafkaParameters.put("metadata.broker.list", "Master:9092,Worker1:9092,Worker2:9092");Set<String> topics = new HashSet<String>();topics.add("SparkStreamingDirected");JavaPairInputDStream<String, String> adClickedStreaming = KafkaUtils.createDirectStream(javassc, String.class, String.class, StringDecoder.class, StringDecoder.class,kafkaParameters, topics);/因为要对黑名单进行过滤，而数据是在RDD中的，所以必然使用transform这个函数； 但是在这里我们必须使用transformToPair，原因是读取进来的Kafka的数据是Pair<String,String>类型, 另一个原因是过滤后的数据要进行进一步处理，所以必须是读进的Kafka数据的原始类型 在此再次说明，每个Batch Duration中实际上讲输入的数据就是被一个且仅被一个RDD封装的，你可以有多个 InputDStream，但其实在产生job的时候，这些不同的InputDStream在Batch Duration中就相当于Spark基于HDFS 数据操作的不同文件来源而已罢了。/JavaPairDStream<String, String> filteredadClickedStreaming = adClickedStreaming.transformToPair(new Function<JavaPairRDD<String,String>, JavaPairRDD<String,String>>() {public JavaPairRDD<String, String> call(JavaPairRDD<String, String> rdd) throws Exception {/ 在线黑名单过滤思路步骤： 1、从数据库中获取黑名单转换成RDD，即新的RDD实例封装黑名单数据； 2、然后把代表黑名单的RDD的实例和Batch Duration产生的RDD进行Join操作， 准确的说是进行leftOuterJoin操作，也就是说使用Batch Duration产生的RDD和代表黑名单的RDD实例进行 leftOuterJoin操作，如果两者都有内容的话，就会是true，否则的话就是false 我们要留下的是leftOuterJoin结果为false； /final List<String> blackListNames = new ArrayList<String>();JDBCWrapper jdbcWrapper = JDBCWrapper.getJDBCInstance();jdbcWrapper.doQuery("SELECT FROM blacklisttable", null, new ExecuteCallBack() {public void resultCallBack(ResultSet result) throws Exception {while(result.next()){blackListNames.add(result.getString(1));} }});List<Tuple2<String, Boolean>> blackListTuple = new ArrayList<Tuple2<String,Boolean>>();for(String name : blackListNames) {blackListTuple.add(new Tuple2<String, Boolean>(name, true));}List<Tuple2<String, Boolean>> blacklistFromListDB = blackListTuple; //数据来自于查询的黑名单表并且映射成为<String, Boolean>JavaSparkContext jsc = new JavaSparkContext(rdd.context());/ 黑名单的表中只有userID，但是如果要进行join操作的话就必须是Key-Value，所以在这里我们需要 基于数据表中的数据产生Key-Value类型的数据集合/JavaPairRDD<String, Boolean> blackListRDD = jsc.parallelizePairs(blacklistFromListDB);/ 进行操作的时候肯定是基于userID进行join，所以必须把传入的rdd进行mapToPair操作转化成为符合格式的RDD/JavaPairRDD<String, Tuple2<String, String>> rdd2Pair = rdd.mapToPair(new PairFunction<Tuple2<String,String>, String, Tuple2<String, String>>() {public Tuple2<String, Tuple2<String, String>> call(Tuple2<String, String> t) throws Exception {// TODO Auto-generated method stubString userID = t._2.split("\t")[2];return new Tuple2<String, Tuple2<String,String>>(userID, t);} });JavaPairRDD<String, Tuple2<Tuple2<String, String>, Optional<Boolean>>> joined = rdd2Pair.leftOuterJoin(blackListRDD);JavaPairRDD<String, String> result = joined.filter(new Function<Tuple2<String,Tuple2<Tuple2<String,String>,Optional<Boolean>>>, Boolean>() {public Boolean call(Tuple2<String, Tuple2<Tuple2<String, String>, Optional<Boolean>>> tuple)throws Exception {// TODO Auto-generated method stubOptional<Boolean> optional = tuple._2._2;if(optional.isPresent() && optional.get()){return false;} else {return true;} }}).mapToPair(new PairFunction<Tuple2<String,Tuple2<Tuple2<String,String>,Optional<Boolean>>>, String, String>() {public Tuple2<String, String> call(Tuple2<String, Tuple2<Tuple2<String, String>, Optional<Boolean>>> t)throws Exception {// TODO Auto-generated method stubreturn t._2._1;} });return result;} });//广告点击的基本数据格式：timestamp、ip、userID、adID、province、cityJavaPairDStream<String, Long> pairs = filteredadClickedStreaming.mapToPair(new PairFunction<Tuple2<String,String>, String, Long>() {public Tuple2<String, Long> call(Tuple2<String, String> t) throws Exception {String[] splited=t._2.split("\t");String timestamp = splited[0]; //YYYY-MM-DDString ip = splited[1];String userID = splited[2];String adID = splited[3];String province = splited[4];String city = splited[5]; String clickedRecord = timestamp + "_" +ip + "_"+userID+"_"+adID+"_"+province +"_"+city;return new Tuple2<String, Long>(clickedRecord, 1L);} });/ 第4.3步：在单词实例计数为1基础上，统计每个单词在文件中出现的总次数/JavaPairDStream<String, Long> adClickedUsers= pairs.reduceByKey(new Function2<Long, Long, Long>() {public Long call(Long i1, Long i2) throws Exception{return i1 + i2;} });/判断有效的点击，复杂化的采用机器学习训练模型进行在线过滤 简单的根据ip判断1天不超过100次；也可以通过一个batch duration的点击次数判断是否非法广告点击，通过一个batch来判断是不完整的，还需要一天的数据也可以每一个小时来判断。/JavaPairDStream<String, Long> filterClickedBatch = adClickedUsers.filter(new Function<Tuple2<String,Long>, Boolean>() {public Boolean call(Tuple2<String, Long> v1) throws Exception {if (1 < v1._2){//更新一些黑名单的数据库表return false;} else { return true;} }});//filterClickedBatch.print();//写入数据库filterClickedBatch.foreachRDD(new Function<JavaPairRDD<String,Long>, Void>() {public Void call(JavaPairRDD<String, Long> rdd) throws Exception {rdd.foreachPartition(new VoidFunction<Iterator<Tuple2<String,Long>>>() {public void call(Iterator<Tuple2<String, Long>> partition) throws Exception {//使用数据库连接池的高效读写数据库的方式将数据写入数据库mysql//例如一次插入 1000条 records，使用insertBatch 或 updateBatch//插入的用户数据信息：userID,adID,clickedCount,time//这里面有一个问题，可能出现两条记录的key是一样的，此时需要更新累加操作List<UserAdClicked> userAdClickedList = new ArrayList<UserAdClicked>();while(partition.hasNext()) {Tuple2<String, Long> record = partition.next();String[] splited = record._1.split("\t");UserAdClicked userClicked = new UserAdClicked();userClicked.setTimestamp(splited[0]);userClicked.setIp(splited[1]);userClicked.setUserID(splited[2]);userClicked.setAdID(splited[3]);userClicked.setProvince(splited[4]);userClicked.setCity(splited[5]);userAdClickedList.add(userClicked);}final List<UserAdClicked> inserting = new ArrayList<UserAdClicked>();final List<UserAdClicked> updating = new ArrayList<UserAdClicked>();JDBCWrapper jdbcWrapper = JDBCWrapper.getJDBCInstance();//表的字段timestamp、ip、userID、adID、province、city、clickedCountfor(final UserAdClicked clicked : userAdClickedList) {jdbcWrapper.doQuery("SELECT clickedCount FROM adclicked WHERE"+ " timestamp =? AND userID = ? AND adID = ?",new Object[]{clicked.getTimestamp(), clicked.getUserID(),clicked.getAdID()}, new ExecuteCallBack() {public void resultCallBack(ResultSet result) throws Exception {// TODO Auto-generated method stubif(result.next()) {long count = result.getLong(1);clicked.setClickedCount(count);updating.add(clicked);} else {inserting.add(clicked);clicked.setClickedCount(1L);} }});}//表的字段timestamp、ip、userID、adID、province、city、clickedCountList<Object[]> insertParametersList = new ArrayList<Object[]>();for(UserAdClicked insertRecord : inserting) {insertParametersList.add(new Object[] {insertRecord.getTimestamp(),insertRecord.getIp(),insertRecord.getUserID(),insertRecord.getAdID(),insertRecord.getProvince(),insertRecord.getCity(),insertRecord.getClickedCount()});}jdbcWrapper.doBatch("INSERT INTO adclicked VALUES(?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)", insertParametersList);//表的字段timestamp、ip、userID、adID、province、city、clickedCountList<Object[]> updateParametersList = new ArrayList<Object[]>();for(UserAdClicked updateRecord : updating) {updateParametersList.add(new Object[] {updateRecord.getTimestamp(),updateRecord.getIp(),updateRecord.getUserID(),updateRecord.getAdID(),updateRecord.getProvince(),updateRecord.getCity(),updateRecord.getClickedCount() + 1});}jdbcWrapper.doBatch("UPDATE adclicked SET clickedCount = ? WHERE"+ " timestamp =? AND ip = ? AND userID = ? AND adID = ? "+ "AND province = ? AND city = ?", updateParametersList);} });return null;} });//再次过滤，从数据库中读取数据过滤黑名单JavaPairDStream<String, Long> blackListBasedOnHistory = filterClickedBatch.filter(new Function<Tuple2<String,Long>, Boolean>() {public Boolean call(Tuple2<String, Long> v1) throws Exception {//广告点击的基本数据格式：timestamp,ip,userID,adID,province,cityString[] splited = v1._1.split("\t"); //提取key值String date =splited[0];String userID =splited[2];String adID =splited[3];//查询一下数据库同一个用户同一个广告id点击量超过50次列入黑名单//接下来 根据date、userID、adID条件去查询用户点击广告的数据表，获得总的点击次数//这个时候基于点击次数判断是否属于黑名单点击int clickedCountTotalToday = 81 ;if (clickedCountTotalToday > 50) {return true;}else {return false ;} }});//map操作，找出用户的idJavaDStream<String> blackListuserIDBasedInBatchOnhistroy =blackListBasedOnHistory.map(new Function<Tuple2<String,Long>, String>() {public String call(Tuple2<String, Long> v1) throws Exception {// TODO Auto-generated method stubreturn v1._1.split("\t")[2];} });//有一个问题，数据可能重复，在一个partition里面重复，这个好办；//但多个partition不能保证一个用户重复，需要对黑名单的整个rdd进行去重操作。//rdd去重了，partition也就去重了，一石二鸟，一箭双雕// 找出了黑名单，下一步就写入黑名单数据库表中JavaDStream<String> blackListUniqueuserBasedInBatchOnhistroy = blackListuserIDBasedInBatchOnhistroy.transform(new Function<JavaRDD<String>, JavaRDD<String>>() {public JavaRDD<String> call(JavaRDD<String> rdd) throws Exception {// TODO Auto-generated method stubreturn rdd.distinct();} });// 下一步写入到数据表中blackListUniqueuserBasedInBatchOnhistroy.foreachRDD(new Function<JavaRDD<String>, Void>() {public Void call(JavaRDD<String> rdd) throws Exception {rdd.foreachPartition(new VoidFunction<Iterator<String>>() {public void call(Iterator<String> t) throws Exception {// TODO Auto-generated method stub//插入的用户信息可以只包含：useID//此时直接插入黑名单数据表即可。//写入数据库List<Object[]> blackList = new ArrayList<Object[]>();while(t.hasNext()) {blackList.add(new Object[]{t.next()});}JDBCWrapper jdbcWrapper = JDBCWrapper.getJDBCInstance();jdbcWrapper.doBatch("INSERT INTO blacklisttable values (?)", blackList);} });return null;} });/广告点击累计动态更新,每个updateStateByKey都会在Batch Duration的时间间隔的基础上进行广告点击次数的更新， 更新之后我们一般都会持久化到外部存储设备上，在这里我们存储到MySQL数据库中/JavaPairDStream<String, Long> updateStateByKeyDSteam = filteredadClickedStreaming.mapToPair(new PairFunction<Tuple2<String,String>, String, Long>() {public Tuple2<String, Long> call(Tuple2<String, String> t)throws Exception {String[] splited=t._2.split("\t");String timestamp = splited[0]; //YYYY-MM-DDString ip = splited[1];String userID = splited[2];String adID = splited[3];String province = splited[4];String city = splited[5]; String clickedRecord = timestamp + "_" +ip + "_"+userID+"_"+adID+"_"+province +"_"+city;return new Tuple2<String, Long>(clickedRecord, 1L);} }).updateStateByKey(new Function2<List<Long>, Optional<Long>, Optional<Long>>() {public Optional<Long> call(List<Long> v1, Optional<Long> v2)throws Exception {// v1:当前的Key在当前的Batch Duration中出现的次数的集合，例如{1，1，1，。。。，1}// v2:当前的Key在以前的Batch Duration中积累下来的结果；Long clickedTotalHistory = 0L; if(v2.isPresent()){clickedTotalHistory = v2.get();}for(Long one : v1) {clickedTotalHistory += one;}return Optional.of(clickedTotalHistory);} });updateStateByKeyDSteam.foreachRDD(new Function<JavaPairRDD<String,Long>, Void>() {public Void call(JavaPairRDD<String, Long> rdd) throws Exception {rdd.foreachPartition(new VoidFunction<Iterator<Tuple2<String,Long>>>() {public void call(Iterator<Tuple2<String, Long>> partition) throws Exception {//使用数据库连接池的高效读写数据库的方式将数据写入数据库mysql//例如一次插入 1000条 records，使用insertBatch 或 updateBatch//插入的用户数据信息：timestamp、adID、province、city//这里面有一个问题，可能出现两条记录的key是一样的，此时需要更新累加操作List<AdClicked> AdClickedList = new ArrayList<AdClicked>();while(partition.hasNext()) {Tuple2<String, Long> record = partition.next();String[] splited = record._1.split("\t");AdClicked adClicked = new AdClicked();adClicked.setTimestamp(splited[0]);adClicked.setAdID(splited[1]);adClicked.setProvince(splited[2]);adClicked.setCity(splited[3]);adClicked.setClickedCount(record._2);AdClickedList.add(adClicked);}final List<AdClicked> inserting = new ArrayList<AdClicked>();final List<AdClicked> updating = new ArrayList<AdClicked>();JDBCWrapper jdbcWrapper = JDBCWrapper.getJDBCInstance();//表的字段timestamp、ip、userID、adID、province、city、clickedCountfor(final AdClicked clicked : AdClickedList) {jdbcWrapper.doQuery("SELECT clickedCount FROM adclickedcount WHERE"+ " timestamp = ? AND adID = ? AND province = ? AND city = ?",new Object[]{clicked.getTimestamp(), clicked.getAdID(),clicked.getProvince(), clicked.getCity()}, new ExecuteCallBack() {public void resultCallBack(ResultSet result) throws Exception {// TODO Auto-generated method stubif(result.next()) {long count = result.getLong(1);clicked.setClickedCount(count);updating.add(clicked);} else {inserting.add(clicked);clicked.setClickedCount(1L);} }});}//表的字段timestamp、ip、userID、adID、province、city、clickedCountList<Object[]> insertParametersList = new ArrayList<Object[]>();for(AdClicked insertRecord : inserting) {insertParametersList.add(new Object[] {insertRecord.getTimestamp(),insertRecord.getAdID(),insertRecord.getProvince(),insertRecord.getCity(),insertRecord.getClickedCount()});}jdbcWrapper.doBatch("INSERT INTO adclickedcount VALUES(?, ?, ?, ?, ?)", insertParametersList);//表的字段timestamp、ip、userID、adID、province、city、clickedCountList<Object[]> updateParametersList = new ArrayList<Object[]>();for(AdClicked updateRecord : updating) {updateParametersList.add(new Object[] {updateRecord.getClickedCount(),updateRecord.getTimestamp(),updateRecord.getAdID(),updateRecord.getProvince(),updateRecord.getCity()});}jdbcWrapper.doBatch("UPDATE adclickedcount SET clickedCount = ? WHERE"+ " timestamp =? AND adID = ? AND province = ? AND city = ?", updateParametersList);} });return null;} });/ 对广告点击进行TopN计算，计算出每天每个省份Top5排名的广告 因为我们直接对RDD进行操作，所以使用了transfomr算子；/updateStateByKeyDSteam.transform(new Function<JavaPairRDD<String,Long>, JavaRDD<Row>>() {public JavaRDD<Row> call(JavaPairRDD<String, Long> rdd) throws Exception {JavaRDD<Row> rowRDD = rdd.mapToPair(new PairFunction<Tuple2<String,Long>, String, Long>() {public Tuple2<String, Long> call(Tuple2<String, Long> t)throws Exception {// TODO Auto-generated method stubString[] splited=t._1.split("_");String timestamp = splited[0]; //YYYY-MM-DDString adID = splited[3];String province = splited[4];String clickedRecord = timestamp + "_" + adID + "_" + province;return new Tuple2<String, Long>(clickedRecord, t._2);} }).reduceByKey(new Function2<Long, Long, Long>() {public Long call(Long v1, Long v2) throws Exception {// TODO Auto-generated method stubreturn v1 + v2;} }).map(new Function<Tuple2<String,Long>, Row>() {public Row call(Tuple2<String, Long> v1) throws Exception {// TODO Auto-generated method stubString[] splited=v1._1.split("_");String timestamp = splited[0]; //YYYY-MM-DDString adID = splited[3];String province = splited[4];return RowFactory.create(timestamp, adID, province, v1._2);} });StructType structType = DataTypes.createStructType(Arrays.asList(DataTypes.createStructField("timestamp", DataTypes.StringType, true),DataTypes.createStructField("adID", DataTypes.StringType, true),DataTypes.createStructField("province", DataTypes.StringType, true),DataTypes.createStructField("clickedCount", DataTypes.LongType, true)));HiveContext hiveContext = new HiveContext(rdd.context());DataFrame df = hiveContext.createDataFrame(rowRDD, structType);df.registerTempTable("topNTableSource");DataFrame result = hiveContext.sql("SELECT timestamp, adID, province, clickedCount, FROM"+ " (SELECT timestamp, adID, province,clickedCount, "+ "ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION BY province ORDER BY clickeCount DESC) rank "+ "FROM topNTableSource) subquery "+ "WHERE rank <= 5");return result.toJavaRDD();} }).foreachRDD(new Function<JavaRDD<Row>, Void>() {public Void call(JavaRDD<Row> rdd) throws Exception {// TODO Auto-generated method stubrdd.foreachPartition(new VoidFunction<Iterator<Row>>() {public void call(Iterator<Row> t) throws Exception {// TODO Auto-generated method stubList<AdProvinceTopN> adProvinceTopN = new ArrayList<AdProvinceTopN>();while(t.hasNext()) {Row row = t.next();AdProvinceTopN item = new AdProvinceTopN();item.setTimestamp(row.getString(0));item.setAdID(row.getString(1));item.setProvince(row.getString(2));item.setClickedCount(row.getLong(3));adProvinceTopN.add(item);}// final List<AdProvinceTopN> inserting = new ArrayList<AdProvinceTopN>();// final List<AdProvinceTopN> updating = new ArrayList<AdProvinceTopN>();JDBCWrapper jdbcWrapper = JDBCWrapper.getJDBCInstance();Set<String> set = new HashSet<String>();for(AdProvinceTopN item: adProvinceTopN){set.add(item.getTimestamp() + "_" + item.getProvince());}//表的字段timestamp、adID、province、clickedCountArrayList<Object[]> deleteParametersList = new ArrayList<Object[]>();for(String deleteRecord : set) {String[] splited = deleteRecord.split("_");deleteParametersList.add(new Object[]{splited[0],splited[1]});}jdbcWrapper.doBatch("DELETE FROM adprovincetopn WHERE timestamp = ? AND province = ?", deleteParametersList);//表的字段timestamp、ip、userID、adID、province、city、clickedCountList<Object[]> insertParametersList = new ArrayList<Object[]>();for(AdProvinceTopN insertRecord : adProvinceTopN) {insertParametersList.add(new Object[] {insertRecord.getClickedCount(),insertRecord.getTimestamp(),insertRecord.getAdID(),insertRecord.getProvince()});}jdbcWrapper.doBatch("INSERT INTO adprovincetopn VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)", insertParametersList);} });return null;} });/ 计算过去半个小时内广告点击的趋势 广告点击的基本数据格式：timestamp、ip、userID、adID、province、city/filteredadClickedStreaming.mapToPair(new PairFunction<Tuple2<String,String>, String, Long>() {public Tuple2<String, Long> call(Tuple2<String, String> t)throws Exception {String splited[] = t._2.split("\t");String adID = splited[3];String time = splited[0]; //Todo:后续需要重构代码实现时间戳和分钟的转换提取。此处需要提取出该广告的点击分钟单位return new Tuple2<String, Long>(time + "_" + adID, 1L);} }).reduceByKeyAndWindow(new Function2<Long, Long, Long>() {public Long call(Long v1, Long v2) throws Exception {// TODO Auto-generated method stubreturn v1 + v2;} }, new Function2<Long, Long, Long>() {public Long call(Long v1, Long v2) throws Exception {// TODO Auto-generated method stubreturn v1 - v2;} }, Durations.minutes(30), Durations.milliseconds(5)).foreachRDD(new Function<JavaPairRDD<String,Long>, Void>() {public Void call(JavaPairRDD<String, Long> rdd) throws Exception {// TODO Auto-generated method stubrdd.foreachPartition(new VoidFunction<Iterator<Tuple2<String,Long>>>() {public void call(Iterator<Tuple2<String, Long>> partition)throws Exception {List<AdTrendStat> adTrend = new ArrayList<AdTrendStat>();// TODO Auto-generated method stubwhile(partition.hasNext()) {Tuple2<String, Long> record = partition.next();String[] splited = record._1.split("_");String time = splited[0];String adID = splited[1];Long clickedCount = record._2;/ 在插入数据到数据库的时候具体需要哪些字段？time、adID、clickedCount; 而我们通过J2EE技术进行趋势绘图的时候肯定是需要年、月、日、时、分这个维度的，所以我们在这里需要 年月日、小时、分钟这些时间维度；/AdTrendStat adTrendStat = new AdTrendStat();adTrendStat.setAdID(adID);adTrendStat.setClickedCount(clickedCount);adTrendStat.set_date(time); //Todo:获取年月日adTrendStat.set_hour(time); //Todo:获取小时adTrendStat.set_minute(time);//Todo:获取分钟adTrend.add(adTrendStat);}final List<AdTrendStat> inserting = new ArrayList<AdTrendStat>();final List<AdTrendStat> updating = new ArrayList<AdTrendStat>();JDBCWrapper jdbcWrapper = JDBCWrapper.getJDBCInstance();//表的字段timestamp、ip、userID、adID、province、city、clickedCountfor(final AdTrendStat trend : adTrend) {final AdTrendCountHistory adTrendhistory = new AdTrendCountHistory();jdbcWrapper.doQuery("SELECT clickedCount FROM adclickedtrend WHERE"+ " date =? AND hour = ? AND minute = ? AND AdID = ?",new Object[]{trend.get_date(), trend.get_hour(), trend.get_minute(),trend.getAdID()}, new ExecuteCallBack() {public void resultCallBack(ResultSet result) throws Exception {// TODO Auto-generated method stubif(result.next()) {long count = result.getLong(1);adTrendhistory.setClickedCountHistoryLong(count);updating.add(trend);} else { inserting.add(trend);} }});}//表的字段date、hour、minute、adID、clickedCountList<Object[]> insertParametersList = new ArrayList<Object[]>();for(AdTrendStat insertRecord : inserting) {insertParametersList.add(new Object[] {insertRecord.get_date(),insertRecord.get_hour(),insertRecord.get_minute(),insertRecord.getAdID(),insertRecord.getClickedCount()});}jdbcWrapper.doBatch("INSERT INTO adclickedtrend VALUES(?, ?, ?, ?, ?)", insertParametersList);//表的字段date、hour、minute、adID、clickedCountList<Object[]> updateParametersList = new ArrayList<Object[]>();for(AdTrendStat updateRecord : updating) {updateParametersList.add(new Object[] {updateRecord.getClickedCount(),updateRecord.get_date(),updateRecord.get_hour(),updateRecord.get_minute(),updateRecord.getAdID()});}jdbcWrapper.doBatch("UPDATE adclickedtrend SET clickedCount = ? WHERE"+ " date =? AND hour = ? AND minute = ? AND AdID = ?", updateParametersList);} });return null;} });;/ Spark Streaming 执行引擎也就是Driver开始运行，Driver启动的时候是位于一条新的线程中的，当然其内部有消息循环体，用于 接收应用程序本身或者Executor中的消息，/javassc.start();javassc.awaitTermination();javassc.close();}private static JavaStreamingContext createContext(String checkpointDirectory, SparkConf conf) {// If you do not see this printed, that means the StreamingContext has been loaded// from the new checkpointSystem.out.println("Creating new context");// Create the context with a 5 second batch sizeJavaStreamingContext ssc = new JavaStreamingContext(conf, Durations.seconds(10));ssc.checkpoint(checkpointDirectory);return ssc;} }class JDBCWrapper {private static JDBCWrapper jdbcInstance = null;private static LinkedBlockingQueue<Connection> dbConnectionPool = new LinkedBlockingQueue<Connection>();static {try {Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {// TODO Auto-generated catch blocke.printStackTrace();} }public static JDBCWrapper getJDBCInstance() {if(jdbcInstance == null) {synchronized (JDBCWrapper.class) {if(jdbcInstance == null) {jdbcInstance = new JDBCWrapper();} }}return jdbcInstance; }private JDBCWrapper() {for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++){try {Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://Master:3306/sparkstreaming","root", "root");dbConnectionPool.put(conn);} catch (Exception e) {// TODO Auto-generated catch blocke.printStackTrace();} } }public synchronized Connection getConnection() {while(0 == dbConnectionPool.size()){try {Thread.sleep(20);} catch (InterruptedException e) {// TODO Auto-generated catch blocke.printStackTrace();} }return dbConnectionPool.poll();}public int[] doBatch(String sqlText, List<Object[]> paramsList){Connection conn = getConnection();PreparedStatement preparedStatement = null;int[] result = null;try {conn.setAutoCommit(false);preparedStatement = conn.prepareStatement(sqlText);for(Object[] parameters: paramsList) {for(int i = 0; i < parameters.length; i++){preparedStatement.setObject(i + 1, parameters[i]);} preparedStatement.addBatch();}result = preparedStatement.executeBatch();conn.commit();} catch (SQLException e) {// TODO Auto-generated catch blocke.printStackTrace();} finally {if(preparedStatement != null) {try {preparedStatement.close();} catch (SQLException e) {// TODO Auto-generated catch blocke.printStackTrace();} }if(conn != null) {try {dbConnectionPool.put(conn);} catch (InterruptedException e) {// TODO Auto-generated catch blocke.printStackTrace();} }}return result; }public void doQuery(String sqlText, Object[] paramsList, ExecuteCallBack callback){Connection conn = getConnection();PreparedStatement preparedStatement = null;ResultSet result = null;try {preparedStatement = conn.prepareStatement(sqlText);for(int i = 0; i < paramsList.length; i++){preparedStatement.setObject(i + 1, paramsList[i]);} result = preparedStatement.executeQuery();try {callback.resultCallBack(result);} catch (Exception e) {// TODO Auto-generated catch blocke.printStackTrace();} } catch (SQLException e) {// TODO Auto-generated catch blocke.printStackTrace();} finally {if(preparedStatement != null) {try {preparedStatement.close();} catch (SQLException e) {// TODO Auto-generated catch blocke.printStackTrace();} }if(conn != null) {try {dbConnectionPool.put(conn);} catch (InterruptedException e) {// TODO Auto-generated catch blocke.printStackTrace();} }} }}interface ExecuteCallBack {void resultCallBack(ResultSet result) throws Exception;}class UserAdClicked {private String timestamp;private String ip;private String userID;private String adID;private String province;private String city;private Long clickedCount;public String getTimestamp() {return timestamp;}public void setTimestamp(String timestamp) {this.timestamp = timestamp;}public String getIp() {return ip;}public void setIp(String ip) {this.ip = ip;}public String getUserID() {return userID;}public void setUserID(String userID) {this.userID = userID;}public String getAdID() {return adID;}public void setAdID(String adID) {this.adID = adID;}public String getProvince() {return province;}public void setProvince(String province) {this.province = province;}public String getCity() {return city;}public void setCity(String city) {this.city = city;}public Long getClickedCount() {return clickedCount;}public void setClickedCount(Long clickedCount) {this.clickedCount = clickedCount;} }class AdClicked {private String timestamp;private String adID;private String province;private String city;private Long clickedCount;public String getTimestamp() {return timestamp;}public void setTimestamp(String timestamp) {this.timestamp = timestamp;}public String getAdID() {return adID;}public void setAdID(String adID) {this.adID = adID;}public String getProvince() {return province;}public void setProvince(String province) {this.province = province;}public String getCity() {return city;}public void setCity(String city) {this.city = city;}public Long getClickedCount() {return clickedCount;}public void setClickedCount(Long clickedCount) {this.clickedCount = clickedCount;} }class AdProvinceTopN {private String timestamp;private String adID;private String province;private Long clickedCount;public String getTimestamp() {return timestamp;}public void setTimestamp(String timestamp) {this.timestamp = timestamp;}public String getAdID() {return adID;}public void setAdID(String adID) {this.adID = adID;}public String getProvince() {return province;}public void setProvince(String province) {this.province = province;}public Long getClickedCount() {return clickedCount;}public void setClickedCount(Long clickedCount) {this.clickedCount = clickedCount;} }class AdTrendStat {private String _date;private String _hour;private String _minute;private String adID;private Long clickedCount;public String get_date() {return _date;}public void set_date(String _date) {this._date = _date;}public String get_hour() {return _hour;}public void set_hour(String _hour) {this._hour = _hour;}public String get_minute() {return _minute;}public void set_minute(String _minute) {this._minute = _minute;}public String getAdID() {return adID;}public void setAdID(String adID) {this.adID = adID;}public Long getClickedCount() {return clickedCount;}public void setClickedCount(Long clickedCount) {this.clickedCount = clickedCount;} }class AdTrendCountHistory{private Long clickedCountHistoryLong;public Long getClickedCountHistoryLong() {return clickedCountHistoryLong;}public void setClickedCountHistoryLong(Long clickedCountHistoryLong) {this.clickedCountHistoryLong = clickedCountHistoryLong;} } 本篇文章为转载内容。原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/tom_8899_li/article/details/71194434。 该文由互联网用户投稿提供，文中观点代表作者本人意见，并不代表本站的立场。 作为信息平台，本站仅提供文章转载服务，并不拥有其所有权，也不对文章内容的真实性、准确性和合法性承担责任。 如发现本文存在侵权、违法、违规或事实不符的情况，请及时联系我们，我们将第一时间进行核实并删除相应内容。

...下。项目通常提供相关在线文档，一般包含贡献着指南、治理文档和未解决问题列表。 “对于那些你较感兴趣的项目中，你可以介绍一下自己----打个招呼”，她说。“然后转到Slack频道或者分发列表，询问他们需要帮助的地方。也许他们不需要帮助，一切完好；又或者他们也有可能使用新人来审查核验代码。” Ambiel 说，开源计划办公室不仅可以帮助制定为开源社区做出贡献的商业案例，还可以帮助公司以安全、可靠和健全的方式来做这件事。 “如果我为一家公司工作，并想为开源做出贡献，我不想意外披露、泄露或破坏任何专利，”她说。“而OSPO可以帮助您做出明智的选择。” 她说，OSPO还可以在开源方面提供领导力和指导理念的支持。“它可以提供引领、指导、辅导和最佳实践的作用。” Aqua Security的开发人员倡导者Anaïs Urlichs则认为，支持开源的承诺必须从高层开始。 她说，“公司在多数时候往往不重视对开源的投资，所以员工自然而然不被鼓励对此作出贡献。” 在这些情况下，员工对于开源的热情也会在空闲时间里对开源的建设而消散殆尽，这对于开源的发展来说是不可持续的。 “如果公司对开源项目依赖度高，那么将开源贡献纳入工程师的日程安排是很重要的，”她说。“一些公司定义了员工可以为开源建设的时间百分比，将其作为他们正常工作日的一部分。” The New Stack 是 Insight Partners 的全资子公司，Insight Partners 是本文提到的以下公司的投资者：Sysdig、Aqua Security。 中英对照版 How an OSPO Can Help Your Engineers Give Back to Open Source OSPO （开源项目办公室）是如何使工程师回馈开源的 When it comes to open source software, there’s a big and growing problem: most organizations are takers, not givers. 谈到开源软件，有一个较大且日益严重的问题：大多数组织都是索取者，而不是给予者。 There’s a classic XKCD comic that shows a giant structure representing modern digital infrastructure, dependent on a tiny component created by “some random person in Nebraska” who has been “thanklessly maintaining since 2003.” 经典漫画XKCD展示了一个代表现代数字基础设施的巨大结构，它依赖于“内布拉斯加州的某位人士”创建的微小组件，该组件“自2003年来一直都处于吃力不讨好的状态”。 Randall Monroe’s XKCD comic illustrates the open source dilemma: overreliance on a small number of volunteer project maintainers. Randall Monroe 的XKCD漫画展示了目前开源面临的窘境：过度依赖少数项目维护志愿者的志愿服务。 This would have been funny, except that this is exactly what happened when security vulnerabilities were discovered in Log4j last December. （开源项目由志愿者自发来维护，）这听起来像是一件很滑稽的事情，但事实上去年十二月在Log4j中发现的安全漏洞也确实存在着上述情况。 The Java-based logging tool is ubiquitous in enterprise publications. In the last three months, for example, Log4j has been downloaded more than 30 million times, according to a report by the enterprise software company Sonatype. 然而这个基于Java的日志记录工具已经在企业内部刊物中无处不在。例如根据软件公司Sonatype的一份报告显示，在过去的三个月里，Log4j的下载量就已经超过3000万次。 The tool has 440,000 lines of code, according to Synopsys‘ Black Duck Open Hub research tool, with nearly 24,000 contributions by nearly 200 developers. That’s a large dev team compared to other open source projects. But looking closer at the numbers, more than 70% of commits were by just five people. 根据Synopsys(新思）公司旗下的Black Duck Open Hub 研究工具显示。Log4j有着440,000行代码，由近200名开发人员贡献了将近24,000行代码。其实与其他开源项目相比，这是一个庞大的开发团队。但是如果关注数据的话，就会发现超过70%的提交是仅仅靠五个人来完成的。 Log4j’s home page lists about a dozen members on its project team. Most projects have far fewer developers working on them — and that presents a problem for the organizations that depend on them. Log4j的主页上展示了十几位项目团队的成员。而大多项目的开发人员要比其原本需要的少得多----这是高度依赖开发人员团队所呈现出来的问题。 “There is little incentive for anyone today to contribute to an existing open source project,” said Jeremy Stretch, distinguished engineer at NS1, a DNS network company. “There’s usually no direct compensation, and few accolades are offered — most users don’t even know who maintains the software that they use.” “如今的人没有什么动力去为现有的开源项目做贡献”，来自DNS网络公司NS1的杰出工程师Jeremy Strech说，“因为通常来说，这没有直接的物质回报，也很少提供荣誉----大多数用户甚至不知道他们所用的软件是谁维护的。” The most common motivation among open source contributors is to add a feature that they themselves want to see, he said. “Once this has been achieved, the contributor rarely sticks around.” 他说，开源贡献者们最常见的动机就是添加他们自己想要的功能。“一旦实现了这一点，他们几乎都不会留下来。” Meanwhile, as a project becomes more popular, the burden on the core team of maintainers keeps increasing. 与此同时，随着项目的逐渐流行，对于维护方面的核心团队来说，他们的负担也在不断增加。 “More users means more feature requests and more bug reports — but not more maintainers,” Stretch said. “What was once an enjoyable hobby can quickly become a tedious chore, and many maintainers understandably opt to simply abandon their projects altogether.” “更多的用户意味有着更多的功能需求和错误报告----但不是更多的维护人员”，Stretch说。“曾经令人愉快的爱好很快就会变成一项乏味的项目，所以很多维护人员选择干脆完全放弃他们的项目，这也是可以理解的。” Part1The Tragedy of the Commons The open source software ecosystem is a perfect example of the “tragedy of the commons.” 开源软件的生态系统，就是“公地悲剧”的一个完美例子。 And the tragedy is — when everyone uses, but no one contributes, that resource — whether it’s an overrun park or an open source project — eventually collapses from overuse and underinvestment. Everyone loves using free stuff, but everyone expects someone else to take care of it. 这个悲剧就是---当一种资源，无论是一个超限的公园还是一个开源项目，所有人都在使用而没有人贡献之时，最终都会因为过度使用和投入不足而崩溃坍塌。 This approach can save you money in the short term, but it can become a fatal flaw over time. Especially since open source software is everywhere, running everything. 这种方式可以在短期内为你节省资金，但随着时间的推移，它可能会变成项目里致命的缺陷。 Linux, for example, the open source operating system, runs on 96% of the world’s top 1 million servers, and 90% of all cloud infrastructure is on Linux. Not to mention that 85% of all smartphones in the world run Linux, in the form of the Android OS. 拿Linux来说，这个开源操作系统在全球前100万台服务器中运行率在96%以上，且这些服务器90%的云基础设施也都在Linux上。更不用说世界上85%的智能手机都运行着Linux，即Android操作系统。 Then there’s Java, Apache, WordPress, Cassandra, Hadoop, MySQL, PHP, ElasticSearch, Kubernetes — the list of ubiquitous open source projects goes on and on. 还有Java, Apache, WordPress, Cassandra, Hadoop, MySQL, PHP, ElasticSearch, Kubernetes--这些常见开源项目的列表还在逐渐增加着。 Without open source, much of today’s technical infrastructure would immediately grind to a halt. 如果没有开源，今天的大部分技术基础设施的建设也将会戛然而止。 “It is a real problem,” said Danil Mikhailov, executive director at Data.org, a nonprofit backed by the Mastercard Center for Inclusive Growth and The Rockefeller Foundation that promotes the use of data science to tackle society’s greatest challenges. “这是一个很现实的问题”，Data.org的执行董事Danil Mikhailov说，该组织是由万事达包容性发展中心和洛克菲勒基金会支持，旨在促进使用数据科学来应对当今社会所面临的巨大挑战的非营利性组织。 While nearly all organizations use open source software, only a minority contribute to those projects. Forty-two percent of participants in a survey released in September by The New Stack, Linux Foundation Research, and the TODO Group said tthey contribute at least sometimes to open source projects. 虽然几乎所有组织都在使用着开源软件，但只有少数组织为这些项目作出了贡献。The New Stack、Linux Foundation Research 和 TODO Group 在 9 月发布的一项调查中，42% 的参与者表示，他们至少有时会为开源项目做出贡献。 The same study showed that only 36% of organizations train their engineers to contribute to open source. 而同一项研究表明，只有36%的组织会培训他们的工程师为开源作出贡献。 Individual companies should support projects that they use the most and are critical to their success, Mikhailov said: “If you use, you contribute.” 个体公司应该支持贡献这些他们使用最多且对他们成功至关重要的项目，Mikhailov认为：“如果你使用开源，你就应该为他做出属于你自己的贡献。” Part2OSPO Benefits:Less Tech Debt,Better Recruiting Participating in open source communities — especially when guided by an in-house open source program office (OSPO) — can help ensure the health of projects critical to your organization’s success, improve those projects’ security, and allow your engineers to have more impact in the projects’ development road map. 参与开源社区——特别是在内部开源项目办公室（OSPO）的指导下——不仅可以保证对组织成功至关重要项目的健康发展，还可以提高项目安全性，同时可以允许工程师在项目发展规划中起到更大的影响。 Say, for example, a company uses an open source tool and modifies it a little to make it better. If that improvement isn’t contributed back to the community, then the official version of the open source project will start to diverge from what the company is using 例如，如果一家公司使用了开源工具，并对其进行了一些调整使其变得更好。但如果这项改进没有反馈到开源社区，那么开源项目的正式版本就会一开始与该公司所使用的版本有所不同。 “You start to grow technical debt because when the original source changes and you’ve got a different version. Those differences grow rapidly, compounding daily. It doesn’t take long for you to be the proud user and maintainer of a one-of-a-kind open source project variant,” said Suzanne Ambiel, director, open source marketing and strategy at VMware. “当原始代码来源发生变化且你所使用的是不同的版本时，你的技术负债将越来越多。而这些差异是以天为单位迅速增长的。”VMware 开源营销和战略总监 Suzanne Ambiel 表示，“所以你很快就会变成一个开源项目里独一无二变体的‘自豪’用户和维护人员。” “The technical debt gets bigger and bigger and it gets very expensive for a company to manage.” “如果技术负债越来越多，那么公司的管理成本则会非常昂贵”。 Support for open source activity can also be a recruiting tool. “It’s really a talent magnet,” said Ambiel. “It’s one of the things that new hires look for.” 实际上对于开源活动的支持也变成了一种招聘途径。“这真是一块吸引人才的磁铁，”Ambiel说，“这也是新员工所寻求的“。 Some engineering managers might worry that open source contributions will detract from core product development, she said. Their rationale, she added, might run along the lines of, “I only have so much talent, and so many hours, and I need them to only work on things where I can measure and see the return on investment.” 她还提到，一些工程经理可能会对贡献开源而减损核心产品的开发的精力而感到担忧。她补充到，他们的理由有可能是这样的：“我只有有限的才华与时间，且我需要这些只做我认为可以度量且看到投资回报的事情。” But that attitude, she said, is shortsighted. Supporting employees who contribute to open source communities can build skills and develop talent, she said. 但她说，这是一种鼠目寸光的态度。支持开源社区并且作出贡献的员工，可以从中培养技能与增长才华。 Loris Degionni, chief technology officer and founder at Sysdig, a cloud security vendor, echoed this notion: “Finding employees who contribute to open source is a gold mine,” said. 云安全供应商 Sysdig 的首席技术官兼创始人 Loris Degionni 也赞同这一观点：“找出为开源做出贡献的员工无疑就找到一座金矿，”他说。 These employees are more capable of delivering features a company wants to use and merge them into community-supported standards, he said. And in a war for talent, companies that embrace open source are more attractive to developers. 他认为，这些参与开源的员工更具备公司想拥有的竞争力并将一些功能融入至社区所支持的标准中。且在人才争夺战中，拥抱开源的公司也更受到开发人员的青睐。 “Lastly, open source is driven by a community of technical experts you may not be able to hire,” he said. “When employees actively contribute and collaborate with these experts, they’ll be better informed of best practices and bring them back to your organization. “最后，开源项目是由你可能无法聘请的技术专家社区推动的”，他说，“当员工积极参与并于这些专家合作时，他们将能更好地深入这些最佳实践，并将这些收获带回到你的组织之中。” “You start to grow technical debt because when the original source changes and you’ve got a different version … It doesn’t take long for you to be the proud user and maintainer of a one-of-a-kind open source project variant.” —Suzanne Ambiel, director, open source marketing and strategy, VMware “当原始数据来源发生变化且你所使用的是不同的版本时，你的技术负债将越来越多...所以你很快就会变成一个开源项目里独一无二变体的”自豪“用户和维护人员。” — Suzanne Ambiel，VMware 开源营销和战略总监 “All of this should be rewarded — developers shouldn’t have to spend their free time honing their skills, as your company will quickly see benefits from their efforts.” “但是这一切终究不会白费--开发人员不应该把业余时间用在磨练他们的技能上，因为你的公司很快就会在他们的努力中看到好处。” An OSPO, Degionni suggested, can help achieve these goals, as well as help prioritize contributions and ensure collaboration. In addition, they can help provide governance that mirrors what companies would have for internally developed applications. Degionni认为，OSPO（开源计划办公室）可以帮助公司实现这些目标，以及帮助确定贡献的优先级并确保合作的进行。除此之外，他们也可以对公司内部开发应用程序方面的治理提供相关帮助。 “Members of the open source team are also in a position to be great internal evangelists for open source technologies, and act as bridges between the organization and the broader community,” he added. “开源团队的成员也可以成为开源技术的伟大内部布道师，并充当组织与更广泛社区之间的桥梁。”他补充道。 In the September survey from The New Stack, Linux Foundation Research and the TODO Group, nearly 53% of organizations with OSPOs said they saw more innovation as a result of having an OSPO, while almost 43% said they saw increased participation in external open source projects. 在 The New Stack、Linux Foundation Research 和 TODO Group 的 9 月调查中，近 53% 的拥有 OSPO的组织表示，由于拥有了OSPO，他们看到了更多创新，而近 43% 的组织表示，他们在外部开源项目的参与度上有所增加。 Part3More OSPO Benefits:A Business Edge Contributing to open source communities doesn’t just help the communities, but the companies that contribute to them, said Tom Hickman, chief innovation officer at ThreatX, a cybersecurity firm. 网络安全公司 ThreatX 的首席创新官 Tom Hickman 表示，为开源社区做出贡献，不仅有助于社区，还有助于为社区做出贡献的公司。 “Growing the community of developers around a project helps the code base, and attracts more developers,” he said. “It can become a virtuous circle.” “围绕一个项目而发展的开发人员社区，有助于代码库的形成，并吸引更多的开发人员参与”，他说，“这可以变成一个良性循环。” Also, companies that contribute to open source projects get twice the productive value from their use of open source than companies that don’t, according to research by Harvard Business School. 此外，根据哈佛商学院的研究，为开源项目作出贡献的公司从使用开源的项目中获得的生产价值，是不参与开源项目公司的两倍。 Many of the biggest companies in the world are contributing to open source, said Chris Aniszczyk, chief technology officer at Cloud Native Computing Foundation. He pointed to the Open Source Contributor Index as a reference for exactly just how much companies are doing. Cloud Native Computing Foundation 的首席技术官 Chris Aniszczyk 说，世界上许多巨头公司都为开源作出了贡献。他还提到，开源贡献者的指数是作为公司是否有所作为的参考。 The tech giants dominate the list: Google, Microsoft, Red Hat, Intel, IBM, Amazon, Facebook, VMware, GitHub and SAP are the top 10 contributors, in that order. But there are also a lot of end users on the top 100 list, said Aniszczyk, including Uber, the BBC, Orange, Netflix, and Square. 科技巨头占据了这份榜单的主导地位：谷歌、微软、红帽、英特尔、IBM、亚马逊、Facebook、VMware、GitHub 和 SAP 依次是排名前 10 的贡献者。但Aniszczyk 表示，但也有很多终端用户公司进入前 100 名，包括 Uber、BBC、Orange、Netflix 和 Square。 “We’ve always known working in upstream projects is not just the right thing to do —it’s the best approach to open source software development and the best way to deliver open source benefits to our customers,” he said. “It’s great to see that IT leaders recognize this as well.” “我们一直知道，在上游项目中工作不仅仅是关正确与否----它是开源软件开发的最佳方法，也是向客户提供开源福利的最佳方式“他说，“很高兴看到IT领导者们也认识到了这一点。” To contribute alongside these giants, companies need to have their own open source strategies, and having an open source program office can help. 为了和这些公司一起作出贡献，公司也需要有自己的开源策略，而拥有一个开源项目办公室则可以为其提供帮助。 “OSPOs provide a critical center of competency in a company when it comes to utilizing open source software,” he said. “在使用开源软件方面，OPSO为公司提供了一个至关重要的能力中心”他说。 It’s similar to the way that companies have security operations centers, he said. 这与公司拥有安全运营中心的方式类似，他说。 “Growing the community of developers around a project helps the code base, and attracts more developers. It can become a virtuous circle.” —Tom Hickman, chief innovation officer, ThreatX “围绕一个项目而发展的开发人员社区，有助于代码库的形成，并吸引更多的开发人员参与，这可以变成一个良性循环。” ——Tom Hickman，ThreatX 首席创新官 “If you don’t make the investment in a security team, you generally don’t expect your software to be secure or be able to respond to security incidents in a timely fashion,” he said. “如果你没有对安全团队进行相应投资，你通常是不会期望你的软件是安全的，也无法及时响应安全事件。”他说。 “The same logic applies to OSPOs and is why you see many leading companies out there such as Apple, Meta, Twitter, Goldman Sachs, Bloomberg, and Google all have OSPOs. They are ahead of the curve.” “同样的逻辑也适用于 OSPO，这就是为什么你会看到许多领先的公司，例如 Apple、Meta、Twitter、Goldman Sachs、Bloomberg 和 Google 都拥有 OSPO。他们走在了趋势的前面。” Support for open source activity within your organization can become a differentiator and marketing opportunity for software vendors. 而对组织内的开源活动的支持态度亦可成为软件供应商们的差异化原因与营销的机会。 According to a Red Hat survey released in February, 82% of IT leaders are more likely to select a vendor who contributes to the open source community. 根据Red Hat2月分发布的一项调查，82%的IT领导者更倾向于选择为开源社区作出贡献的软件供应商。 Respondents said that when vendors support open source communities they are more familiar with open source processes and are more effective if customers have technical challenges. 受访者表示，当供应商支持开源社区时，就表示着他们更熟悉开源的流程并且在客户遇到技术难题时会更加有效。 But it’s not just software vendors who benefit. 但收益的不仅仅是软件供应商们。 According to September’s survey by The New Stack, Linux Foundation Research, and the TODO Group, 57% of organizations with OSPOs use them to further strategic relationships and build partnerships. 根据 The New Stack、Linux Foundation Research 和 TODO Group 9 月份的调查，57% 拥有 OSPO 的组织将使用它们来进一步发展战略关系和建立合作伙伴关系。 Mark Hinkle started an open source program office back when he worked at Citrix a decade ago. He pointed out how having an OSPO in-house benefited the company. 十年前，Mark Hinkle 在 Citrix 工作时创办了一个开源计划办公室。他指出了在内部拥有一个 OSPO将如何使公司受益。 “For us the biggest job was to educate our employees who weren’t familiar with open source to get involved and be good community members,” he said. “We also provided guidance on how to make sure our IP didn’t enter projects without proper understanding and we made sure we didn’t incorporate open source that conflicted with our enterprise software licensing.” “对于我们来说，最大的工作是让不熟悉开源的员工学会并参与其中，成为优秀的社区成员”，他说，“我们还就如何确保我们的IP不会在没有正确理解的情况下进入项目的情况提供了指导，并确保我们没有与我们企业软件许可相冲突的开源项目合作。” The OSPO also helped Citrix identify strategic opportunities for the company to participate in open source projects and trade organizations like The Linux Foundation, he said. 他说，OSPO还帮助Citrix确定了公司参与开源项目和Linux基金会等贸易组织的战略机会。 Today, he’s the CEO and co-founder of TriggerMesh, a cloud native, open source integration platform. 如今，他是云原生开源集成平台 TriggerMesh 的首席执行官兼联合创始人。 There are some significant economic benefits to participating in the open source ecosystem, he said. 他说，参与开源系统对公司来说有着重大的经济效益。 “We participate in Knative to share the development of our underlying platform but we develop value-added services as part of our business,” he said. “By sharing the R and D for the platform, it gives us more resources to develop our own differentiated technology.” “我们参与Knative是为了分享我们基础底层平台的开发，但作为业务的一部分，我们也拥有相关的增值服务。”他说，“通过共享该平台的研发，这为我们提供了更多的资源来改进我们自己的差异化技术。” Part4How to Get Started in Open Source Sixty-three percent of companies in the September survey from The New Stack, Linux Foundation Research and the TODO Group said that having an OSPO was very or extremely critical to the success of their engineering or product teams, up from 54% in the previous annual study. 在 The New Stack、Linux Foundation Research 和 TODO Group 的 9 月份调查中，有 63% 的公司表示，拥有OSPO 对其工程或产品团队的成功至关重要，高于上一年度该项研究数据的 54%。 In particular, 77% said that their open source program had a positive impact on their software practices, such as improved code quality. 其中77% 的人表示他们的开源程序对他们的软件实践产生了积极影响，例如提高了代码质量。 But companies can’t always contribute to every single open source project that they use. 但公司也不可能总是为他们使用的每一个开源项目而花费精力。 “First, thin the herd a little bit,” advised VMware’s Ambiel. “首先，节流一下”，VMware 的 Ambiel 建议道。 Companies should look at the projects that make the most sense for their use cases. This is an area where an OSPO can help set priorities and ensure technical and strategic alignment. 公司应该关注投入使用中最有意义的项目。而这也是OSPO可以帮助确定优先事项并确保技术与战略一致性的领域。 Then, developers should go and check out the projects themselves. Projects typically offer online documentation, often with contributor guides, governance documents, and lists of open issues. 之后，开发人员应该自己去了解一下。项目通常提供相关在线文档，一般包含贡献着指南、治理文档和未解决问题列表。 “For the projects that rise to the top of your strategic list, introduce yourself — say hello,” she said. “Go to the Slack channel or the distribution list and ask where they need help. Maybe they don’t need help and everything is good. Or maybe they can use a new person to review code.” “对于那些上升到你的战略清单顶端的项目，你可以介绍一下自己----打个招呼”，她说。“然后转到Slack频道或者分发列表，询问他们需要帮助的地方。也许他们不需要帮助，一切完好；又或者他们也有可能使用新人来审查核验代码。” An open source program office can not only help make a business case for contributing to the open source community, Ambiel said, but can help companies do it in a way that’s safe, secure and sound. Ambiel 说，开源项目办公室不仅可以帮助制定为开源社区做出贡献的商业案例，还可以帮助公司以安全、可靠和健全的方式来做这件事。 “If I work for a company and want to contribute to open source, I don’t want to accidentally disclose, divulge or undermine any patents,” she said. “An OSPO helps you make smart choices.” “如果我为一家公司工作，并想为开源做出贡献，我不想意外披露、泄露或破坏任何专利，”她说。“而OSPO可以帮助您做出明智的选择。” An OSPO can also help provide leadership and the guiding philosophy about supporting open source, she said. “It can provide guidance, mentorship, coaching and best practices.” 她说，OSPO还可以在开源方面提供领导力和指导理念的支持。“它可以提供引领、指导、辅导和最佳实践的作用。” Commitment to support open source has to start at the top, said Anaïs Urlichs, developer advocate at Aqua Security. Aqua Security的开发人员倡导者Anaïs Urlichs则认为，支持开源的承诺必须从高层开始。 “Too often,” she said, “companies do not value investment into open source, so employees are not encouraged to contribute to it.” 她说，“公司在多数时候往往不重视对开源的投资，所以员工自然而然不被鼓励对此作出贡献。” In those cases, employees with a passion for open source end up contributing during their free time, which is not sustainable. 在这些情况下，员工对于开源的热情也会在空闲时间里对开源的建设而消散殆尽，这对于开源的发展来说是不可持续的。 “If companies rely on open source projects, it is important to make open source contributions part of an engineer’s work schedule,” she said. “Some companies define a time percentage that employees can contribute to open source as part of their normal workday.” “如果公司对开源项目依赖度高，那么将开源贡献纳入工程师的日程安排是很重要的，”她说。“一些公司定义了员工可以为开源建设的时间百分比，将其作为他们正常工作日的一部分。” The New Stack is a wholly owned subsidiary of Insight Partners, an investor in the following companies mentioned in this article: Sysdig, Aqua Security. The New Stack 是 Insight Partners 的全资子公司，Insight Partners 是本文提到的以下公司的投资者：Sysdig、Aqua Security。 相关阅读 | Related Reading 《开源合规指南（企业篇）》正式发布，为推动我国开源合规建设提供参考 “目标->用户->指标”——企业开源运营之道｜瞰道@谭中意 开源之夏邀请函——仅限高校学子开启 开源社简介 开源社成立于 2014 年，是由志愿贡献于开源事业的个人成员，依 “贡献、共识、共治” 原则所组成，始终维持厂商中立、公益、非营利的特点，是最早以 “开源治理、国际接轨、社区发展、开源项目” 为使命的开源社区联合体。开源社积极与支持开源的社区、企业以及政府相关单位紧密合作，以 “立足中国、贡献全球” 为愿景，旨在共创健康可持续发展的开源生态，推动中国开源社区成为全球开源体系的积极参与及贡献者。 2017 年，开源社转型为完全由个人成员组成，参照 ASF 等国际顶级开源基金会的治理模式运作。近八年来，链接了数万名开源人，集聚了上千名社区成员及志愿者、海内外数百位讲师，合作了近百家赞助、媒体、社区伙伴。 本篇文章为转载内容。原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/kaiyuanshe/article/details/124976824。 该文由互联网用户投稿提供，文中观点代表作者本人意见，并不代表本站的立场。 作为信息平台，本站仅提供文章转载服务，并不拥有其所有权，也不对文章内容的真实性、准确性和合法性承担责任。 如发现本文存在侵权、违法、违规或事实不符的情况，请及时联系我们，我们将第一时间进行核实并删除相应内容。

...部自动化，无需象生成PDF、Word、Excel那样还需要人工再点打印； 8、易部署：打印模板既可以部署在客户端（与 cfprint.exe 程序放在同一目录下），也支持部署在服务端随报表数据一起传到客户端； 9、目标活：支持在数据文件中或模板中指定要输出的打印机，发票用针打、报表用激光打、小票用小票机，专机专打； 三、使用前提条件： 1、IE6以上版本、Chrome(谷歌浏览器)4.0以上版本、Firefox 4.0以上版本、Opera 11以上版本、Safari 5.0.2以上版本、iOS 4.2以上版本 或使用Chrome内核、Firefox内核的浏览器均可直接使用本打印系统； 2、在进行打印前，需要先设计好打印模板（模板设计器请见第五节）； 3、打印数据必须Json的格式发送给打印服务器，并且数据必须满足指定的格式（见下文）； 四、数据格式说明： 下面以一个跨境电商快递面单数据为例解释一下数据各项的含义; { "template": "waybill.fr3", /打印模板文件名。除了指定模板文件以外，还支持把模板嵌入到数据文件中，以实现在服务器端灵活使用打印模板，格式如下：/ /"template": "base64:QTBBRTNEQTE3MkFFQjIzNEFERD<后面省略>" / "ver": 4, /数据模板文件版本/ "Copies": 3, /打印份数，支持指定打印份数/ "Duplex": 1, /是否双面打印，0：默认，不双面，1：垂直，2：水平，3：单面打印(simplex)/ "Printer": "priPrinter", /指定打印机，本系统支持在数据文件中指定打印机，也支持在打印模板中指定打印机/ "PageNumbers": "", /要打印的页码范围，同打印机的打印设置里的格式相同，例如："1,2,3"表示打印前3页， “2-5”:表示打印第2到5页，“1,2,4-8”表示打印第1、2、4到8页/ "Preview": 1, /是否预览，跟主界面上选择“预览”效果相同，取值为0：不预览，1：预览/ "Tables":[ /数据表数组/ { "Name": "Table1", /表名/ "Cols": [ /字段定义/ { "type": "str", /字段类型，可选值：String,Str,Integer,Int,Smallint,Float,Long, Blob，/ /对于图片、PDF等使用Blob类型，并把值进行Base64编码，并加前缀：/ / "base64/pdf:" 字段值是PDF; "base64/jpg:" 字段值是jpg; "base64/png:" 字段值是png; "base64/gif:" 字段值是gif; / "size": 255, /字段长度/ "name": "HAWB", /字段名称，必须与打印模板中的打印项名称相同/ "required": false /字段是否必填/ }, { "type": "int", "size": 0, "name": "NO", "required": false }, { "type": "float", "size": 0, "name": "报关公司面单号", "required": false }, { "type": "integer", "size": 0, "name": "公司内部单号", "required": false }, { "type": "str", "size": 255, "name": "发件人", "required": false }, { "type": "str", "size": 255, "name": "发件人地址", "required": false }, { "type": "str", "size": 255, "name": "发件人电话", "required": false }, { "type": "str", "size": 255, "name": "发货国家", "required": false }, { "type": "str", "size": 255, "name": "收件人", "required": false }, { "type": "str", "size": 255, "name": "收件人地址", "required": false }, { "type": "str", "size": 255, "name": "收件人电话", "required": false }, { "type": "str", "size": 255, "name": 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} ] }, { "Name": "Table2", "Cols": [ { "type": "int", "size": 0, "name": "NO", "required": false }, { "type": "float", "size": 0, "name": "订单编号", "required": false }, { "type": "integer", "size": 0, "name": "下单日期", "required": false }, { "type": "str", "size": 255, "name": "下单平台", "required": false } ], "Data": [ { "NO": 1, "订单编号": 200303900791, "下单日期": "2017-01-20", "下单平台": "天猫" }, { "NO": 2, "订单编号": 200303900792, "下单日期": "2017-01-20", "下单平台": "京东" } ] } ] } 五、调用示例： <!-- ★★★ 模式1 ★★★ --> <!DOCTYPE html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <title>康虎云报表系统测试</title> </head> <body> <div style="width: 100%;text-align:center;"> <h2>康虎云报表系统</h2> <h3>打印测试（模式1）</h3> <div> <input type="button" id="btnPrint" value="打印" onClick="doSend(_reportData);" /> </div> </div> <div id="output"></div> </body> <script type="text/javascript"> //定义数据脚本 var _reportData = '{"template":"waybill.fr3","Cols":[{"type":"str","size":255,"name":"HAWB","required":false},<这里省略1000字> ]}'; //在浏览器控制台输出调试信息 console.log("reportData = " + _reportData); </script> <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript" src="cfprint.min.js"></script> <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript" src="cfprint_ext.js"></script> <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript"> /下面四个参数必须放在myreport.js脚本后面，以覆盖myreport.js中的默认值/ var _delay_send = 1000; //发送打印服务器前延时时长，-1则表示不自动打印 var _delay_close = 1000; //打印完成后关闭窗口的延时时长, -1则表示不关闭 var cfprint_addr = "127.0.0.1"; //打印服务器监听地址 var cfprint_port = 54321; //打印服务器监听端口 </script> </html> <!-- ★★★ 模式2 ★★★ --> <?php //如果有php运行环境，只需把该文件扩展名改成 .php，然后上传到web目录即可在真实服务器上测试 header("Access-Control-Allow-Origin: "); ?> <!DOCTYPE html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <title>康虎云报表系统测试</title> <style type="text/css"> output {font-size: 12px; background-color:F0FFF0;} </style> </head> <body> <div style="width: 100%;text-align:center;"> <h2>康虎云报表系统（Ver 1.3.0）</h2> <h3>打印测试（模式2）</h3> <div style="line-height: 1.5;"> <div style="width: 70%; text-align: left;"> <b>一、首先按下列步骤设置：</b><br/> 1、运行打印服务器；<br/> 2、按“停止”按钮停止服务；<br/> 3、打开“设置”区；<br/> 4、在“常用参数-->服务模式”中，选择“模式2”；<br/> 5、按“启动”按钮启动服务。 </div> <div style="width: 70%; text-align: left;"> <b>二、按本页的“打印”按钮开始打印。</b><br/> </div><br/> <input type="button" id="btnPrint" value="打印" /><br/><br/> <div style="width: 70%; text-align: left; font-size: 12px;"> 由于JavaScript在不同域名下访问会出现由来已久的跨域问题，所以正式部署到服务器使用时，要解决跨域问题。<br/> 对于IE8以上版本浏览器，只需增加一个reponse头：Access-Control-Allow-Origin即可，而对于php、jsp、asp/aspx等动态语言而言，增加一个response头是非常简单的事，例如：<br/> <b>在php：</b><br/><span style="color: red;"> <?php <br/> header("Access-Control-Allow-Origin: ");<br/> ?><br/> </span> <b>在jsp：</b><br/><span style="color: red;"> <% <br/> response.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", ""); <br/> %><br/> </span> <b>在asp.net中：</b><br/><span style="color: red;"> Response.AppendHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", ""); </span>，<br/>其他语言里，大家请自行搜索“ajax跨域”。而对于IE8以下的浏览器，大家可以自行搜索“IE6+Ajax+跨域”寻找解决办法吧，也可以联系我们帮助。 </div> </div> </div> <div id="output"></div> </body> <!-- 引入模式2所需的javascript支持库 --> <script type="text/javascript" src="cfprint_mode2.min.js" charset="UTF-8"></script> <!-- 构造报表数据 --> <script type="text/javascript"> var _reportData = '{"template":"waybill.fr3","ver":3, "Tables":[ {"Name":"Table1", "Cols":[{"type":"str","size":255,"name":"HAWB","required":false},{"type":"int","size":0,"name":"NO","required":false},{"type":"float","size":0,"name":"报关公司面单号","required":false},{"type":"integer","size":0,"name":"公司内部单号","required":false},{"type":"str","size":255,"name":"发件人","required":false},{"type":"str","size":255,"name":"发件人地址","required":false},{"type":"str","size":255,"name":"发件人电话","required":false},{"type":"str","size":255,"name":"发货国家","required":false},{"type":"str","size":255,"name":"收件人","required":false},{"type":"str","size":255,"name":"收件人地址","required":false},{"type":"str","size":255,"name":"收件人电话","required":false},{"type":"str","size":255,"name":"收货人证件号码","required":false},{"type":"str","size":255,"name":"收货省份","required":false},{"type":"float","size":0,"name":"总计费重量","required":false},{"type":"int","size":0,"name":"总件数","required":false},{"type":"float","size":0,"name":"申报总价（CNY）","required":false},{"type":"float","size":0,"name":"申报总价（JPY）","required":false},{"type":"int","size":0,"name":"件数1","required":false},{"type":"str","size":255,"name":"品名1","required":false},{"type":"float","size":0,"name":"单价1（JPY）","required":false},{"type":"str","size":255,"name":"单位1","required":false},{"type":"float","size":0,"name":"申报总价1（CNY）","required":false},{"type":"float","size":0,"name":"申报总价1（JPY）","required":false},{"type":"int","size":0,"name":"件数2","required":false},{"type":"str","size":255,"name":"品名2","required":false},{"type":"float","size":0,"name":"单价2（JPY）","required":false},{"type":"str","size":255,"name":"单位2","required":false},{"type":"float","size":0,"name":"申报总价2（CNY）","required":false},{"type":"float","size":0,"name":"申报总价2（JPY）","required":false},{"type":"int","size":0,"name":"件数3","required":false},{"type":"str","size":255,"name":"品名3","required":false},{"type":"float","size":0,"name":"单价3（JPY）","required":false},{"type":"str","size":255,"name":"单位3","required":false},{"type":"float","size":0,"name":"申报总价3（CNY）","required":false},{"type":"float","size":0,"name":"申报总价3（JPY）","required":false},{"type":"int","size":0,"name":"件数4","required":false},{"type":"str","size":255,"name":"品名4","required":false},{"type":"float","size":0,"name":"单价4（JPY）","required":false},{"type":"str","size":255,"name":"单位4","required":false},{"type":"float","size":0,"name":"申报总价4（CNY）","required":false},{"type":"float","size":0,"name":"申报总价4（JPY）","required":false},{"type":"int","size":0,"name":"件数5","required":false},{"type":"str","size":255,"name":"品名5","required":false},{"type":"float","size":0,"name":"单价5（JPY）","required":false},{"type":"str","size":255,"name":"单位5","required":false},{"type":"float","size":0,"name":"申报总价5（CNY）","required":false},{"type":"float","size":0,"name":"申报总价5（JPY）","required":false},{"type":"str","size":255,"name":"参考号","required":false},{"type":"AutoInc","size":0,"name":"ID","required":false}],"Data":[{"公司内部单号":730293,"发货国家":"日本","单价1（JPY）":null,"申报总价2（JPY）":null,"单价4（JPY）":null,"申报总价2（CNY）":null,"申报总价5（JPY）":null,"报关公司面单号":200303900791,"申报总价5（CNY）":null,"收货人证件号码":null,"申报总价1（JPY）":null,"单价3（JPY）":null,"申报总价1（CNY）":null,"申报总价4（JPY）":null,"申报总价4（CNY）":null,"收件人电话":"182-1758-9999","收件人地址":"上海市闵行区虹梅南路1660弄蔷薇八村139号502室","HAWB":"860014010055","发件人电话":"03-3684-9999","发件人地址":" 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...需要判断0值，主要是在线程池构造方法中，核心线程数允许为0else if (workerCountOf(recheck) == 0)addWorker(null, false);}// 如果线程池不是运行状态，或者任务进入队列失败，则尝试创建worker执行任务。// 这儿有3点需要注意：// 1. 线程池不是运行状态时，addWorker内部会判断线程池状态// 2. addWorker第2个参数表示是否创建核心线程// 3. addWorker返回false，则说明任务执行失败，需要执行reject操作else if (!addWorker(command, false))reject(command);} 4、addworker源码解析 private boolean addWorker(Runnable firstTask, boolean core) {retry:// 外层自旋for (;;) {int c = ctl.get();int rs = runStateOf(c);// 这个条件写得比较难懂，我对其进行了调整，和下面的条件等价// (rs > SHUTDOWN) || // (rs == SHUTDOWN && firstTask != null) || // (rs == SHUTDOWN && workQueue.isEmpty())// 1. 线程池状态大于SHUTDOWN时，直接返回false// 2. 线程池状态等于SHUTDOWN，且firstTask不为null，直接返回false// 3. 线程池状态等于SHUTDOWN，且队列为空，直接返回false// Check if queue empty only if necessary.if (rs >= SHUTDOWN &&! (rs == SHUTDOWN &&firstTask == null &&! workQueue.isEmpty()))return false;// 内层自旋for (;;) {int wc = workerCountOf(c);// worker数量超过容量，直接返回falseif (wc >= CAPACITY ||wc >= (core ? corePoolSize : maximumPoolSize))return false;// 使用CAS的方式增加worker数量。// 若增加成功，则直接跳出外层循环进入到第二部分if (compareAndIncrementWorkerCount(c))break retry;c = ctl.get(); // Re-read ctl// 线程池状态发生变化，对外层循环进行自旋if (runStateOf(c) != rs)continue retry;// 其他情况，直接内层循环进行自旋即可// else CAS failed due to workerCount change; retry inner loop} }boolean workerStarted = false;boolean workerAdded = false;Worker w = null;try {w = new Worker(firstTask);final Thread t = w.thread;if (t != null) {final ReentrantLock mainLock = this.mainLock;// worker的添加必须是串行的，因此需要加锁mainLock.lock();try {// Recheck while holding lock.// Back out on ThreadFactory failure or if// shut down before lock acquired.// 这儿需要重新检查线程池状态int rs = runStateOf(ctl.get());if (rs < SHUTDOWN ||(rs == SHUTDOWN && firstTask == null)) {// worker已经调用过了start()方法，则不再创建workerif (t.isAlive()) // precheck that t is startablethrow new IllegalThreadStateException();// worker创建并添加到workers成功workers.add(w);// 更新largestPoolSize变量int s = workers.size();if (s > largestPoolSize)largestPoolSize = s;workerAdded = true;} } finally {mainLock.unlock();}// 启动worker线程if (workerAdded) {t.start();workerStarted = true;} }} finally {// worker线程启动失败，说明线程池状态发生了变化（关闭操作被执行），需要进行shutdown相关操作if (! workerStarted)addWorkerFailed(w);}return workerStarted;} 5、线程池worker任务单元 private final class Workerextends AbstractQueuedSynchronizerimplements Runnable{/ This class will never be serialized, but we provide a serialVersionUID to suppress a javac warning./private static final long serialVersionUID = 6138294804551838833L;/ Thread this worker is running in. Null if factory fails. /final Thread thread;/ Initial task to run. Possibly null. /Runnable firstTask;/ Per-thread task counter /volatile long completedTasks;/ Creates with given first task and thread from ThreadFactory. @param firstTask the first task (null if none)/Worker(Runnable firstTask) {setState(-1); // inhibit interrupts until runWorkerthis.firstTask = firstTask;// 这儿是Worker的关键所在，使用了线程工厂创建了一个线程。传入的参数为当前workerthis.thread = getThreadFactory().newThread(this);}/ Delegates main run loop to outer runWorker /public void run() {runWorker(this);}// 省略代码...} 6、核心线程执行逻辑-runworker final void runWorker(Worker w) {Thread wt = Thread.currentThread();Runnable task = w.firstTask;w.firstTask = null;// 调用unlock()是为了让外部可以中断w.unlock(); // allow interrupts// 这个变量用于判断是否进入过自旋（while循环）boolean completedAbruptly = true;try {// 这儿是自旋// 1. 如果firstTask不为null，则执行firstTask；// 2. 如果firstTask为null，则调用getTask()从队列获取任务。// 3. 阻塞队列的特性就是：当队列为空时，当前线程会被阻塞等待while (task != null || (task = getTask()) != null) {// 这儿对worker进行加锁，是为了达到下面的目的// 1. 降低锁范围，提升性能// 2. 保证每个worker执行的任务是串行的w.lock();// If pool is stopping, ensure thread is interrupted;// if not, ensure thread is not interrupted. This// requires a recheck in second case to deal with// shutdownNow race while clearing interrupt// 如果线程池正在停止，则对当前线程进行中断操作if ((runStateAtLeast(ctl.get(), STOP) ||(Thread.interrupted() &&runStateAtLeast(ctl.get(), STOP))) &&!wt.isInterrupted())wt.interrupt();// 执行任务，且在执行前后通过beforeExecute()和afterExecute()来扩展其功能。// 这两个方法在当前类里面为空实现。try {beforeExecute(wt, task);Throwable thrown = null;try {task.run();} catch (RuntimeException x) {thrown = x; throw x;} catch (Error x) {thrown = x; throw x;} catch (Throwable x) {thrown = x; throw new Error(x);} finally {afterExecute(task, thrown);} } finally {// 帮助gctask = null;// 已完成任务数加一 w.completedTasks++;w.unlock();} }completedAbruptly = false;} finally {// 自旋操作被退出，说明线程池正在结束processWorkerExit(w, completedAbruptly);} } 本篇文章为转载内容。原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/grd_java/article/details/113116244。 该文由互联网用户投稿提供，文中观点代表作者本人意见，并不代表本站的立场。 作为信息平台，本站仅提供文章转载服务，并不拥有其所有权，也不对文章内容的真实性、准确性和合法性承担责任。 如发现本文存在侵权、违法、违规或事实不符的情况，请及时联系我们，我们将第一时间进行核实并删除相应内容。

...，如果将黑产视为智商在线的对手，那这里背后是否有其它考量，就值得琢磨了。 代码的比对、分析、溯源技术水准 上文中的安全团队基于大量样本和粗粒度比对方法，给出了一个初步的判断和疑点。那么是否有可能获得更确凿的分析结果，来证实或证伪同源猜想呢？ 无论是源代码还是二进制，代码比对技术作为一种基础手段，在软件供应链安全分析上都注定仍然有效。在我们的软件供应链安全大赛期间，针对PE二进制程序类型的题目，参赛队伍就纷纷采用了相关技术手段用于目标分析，包括：同源性分析，用于判定与目标软件相似度最高的同软件官方版本；细粒度的差异分析，用于尝试在忽略编译差异和特意引入的混淆之外，定位特意引入的恶意代码位置。当然，作为比赛中针对性的应对方案，受目标和环境引导约束，这些方法证明了可行性，却难以保证集成有最新技术方案。那么做一下预言，在不计入情报辅助条件下，下一代的代码比对将能够到达什么水准？ 这里结合近一年和今年内，已发表和未发表的学术领域顶级会议的相关文章来简单展望： ·针对海量甚至全量已知源码，将可以实现准确精细化的“作者归属”判定。在ACM CCS‘18会议上曾发表的一篇文章《Large-Scale and Language-Oblivious Code Authorship Identification》，描述了使用RNN进行大规模代码识别的方案，在圈定目标开发者，并预先提供每个开发者的5-7份已知的代码文件后，该技术方案可以很有效地识别大规模匿名代码仓库中隶属于每个开发者的代码：针对1600个Google Code Jam开发者8年间的所有代码可以实现96%的成功识别率，而针对745个C代码开发者于1987年之后在GitHub上面的全部公开代码仓库，识别率也高达94.38%。这样的结果在当下的场景中，已经足以实现对特定人的代码识别和跟踪（例如，考虑到特定开发人员可能由于编码习惯和规范意识，在时间和项目跨度上犯同样的错误）；可以预见，在该技术方向上，完全可以期望摆脱特定已知目标人的现有数据集学习的过程，并实现更细粒度的归属分析，例如代码段、代码行、提交历史。 ·针对二进制代码，更准确、更大规模、更快速的代码主程序分析和同源性匹配。近年来作为一项程序分析基础技术研究，二进制代码相似性分析又重新获得了学术界和工业界的关注。在2018年和2019（已录用）的安全领域四大顶级会议上，每次都会有该方向最新成果的展示，如S&P‘2019上录用的《Asm2Vec: Boosting Static Representation Robustness for Binary Clone Search against Code Obfuscation and Compiler Optimization》，实现无先验知识的条件下的最优汇编代码级别克隆检测，针对漏洞库的漏洞代码检测可实现0误报、100%召回。而2018年北京HITB会议上，Google Project Zero成员、二进制比对工具BinDiff原始作者Thomas Dullien，探讨了他借用改造Google自家SimHash算法思想，用于针对二进制代码控制流图做相似性检测的尝试和阶段结果；这种引入规模数据处理的思路，也可期望能够在目前其他技术方案大多精细化而低效的情况下，为高效、快速、大规模甚至全量代码克隆检测勾出未来方案。 ·代码比对方案对编辑、优化、变形、混淆的对抗。近年所有技术方案都以对代码“变种”的检测有效性作为关键衡量标准，并一定程度上予以保证。上文CCS‘18论文工作，针对典型源代码混淆（如Tigress）处理后的代码，大规模数据集上可有93.42%的准确识别率；S&P‘19论文针对跨编译器和编译选项、业界常用的OLLVM编译时混淆方案进行试验，在全部可用的混淆方案保护之下的代码仍然可以完成81%以上的克隆检测。值得注意的是以上方案都并非针对特定混淆方案单独优化的，方法具有通用价值；而除此以外还有很多针对性的的反混淆研究成果可用；因此，可以认为在采用常规商用代码混淆方案下，即便存在隐藏内部业务逻辑不被逆向的能力，但仍然可以被有效定位代码复用和开发者自然人。 代码溯源技术面前的“挑战” 作为软件供应链安全的独立分析方，健壮的代码比对技术是决定性的基石；而当脑洞大开，考虑到行业的发展，也许以下两种假设的情景，将把每一个“正当”的产品、开发者置于尴尬的境地。 代码仿制 在本章节引述的“驱魔家族”代码疑云案例中，黑产方面通过某种方式获得了正常代码中，功能逻辑可以被自身复用的片段，并以某种方法将其在保持原样的情况下拼接形成了恶意程序。即便在此例中并非如此，但这却暴露了隐忧：将来是不是有这种可能，我的正常代码被泄漏或逆向后出现在恶意软件中，被溯源后扣上黑锅？ 这种担忧可能以多种渠道和形式成为现实。 从上游看，内部源码被人为泄漏是最简单的形式（实际上，考虑到代码的完整生命周期似乎并没有作为企业核心数据资产得到保护，目前实质上有没有这样的代码在野泄漏还是个未知数），而通过程序逆向还原代码逻辑也在一定程度上可获取原始代码关键特征。 从下游看，则可能有多种方式将恶意代码伪造得像正常代码并实现“碰瓷”。最简单地，可以大量复用关键代码特征（如字符串，自定义数据结构，关键分支条件，数据记录和交换私有格式等）。考虑到在进行溯源时，分析者实际上不需要100%的匹配度才会怀疑，因此仅仅是仿造原始程序对于第三方公开库代码的特殊定制改动，也足以将公众的疑点转移。而近年来类似自动补丁代码搜索生成的方案也可能被用来在一份最终代码中包含有二方甚至多方原始代码的特征和片段。 基于开发者溯源的定点渗透 既然在未来可能存在准确将代码与自然人对应的技术，那么这种技术也完全可能被黑色产业利用。可能的忧患包括强针对性的社会工程，结合特定开发者历史代码缺陷的漏洞挖掘利用，联动第三方泄漏人员信息的深层渗透，等等。这方面暂不做联想展开。 〇. 没有总结 作为一场旨在定义“软件供应链安全”威胁的宣言，阿里安全“功守道”大赛将在后续给出详细的分解和总结，其意义价值也许会在一段时间之后才能被挖掘。 但是威胁的现状不容乐观，威胁的发展不会静待；这一篇随笔仅仅挑选六个侧面做摘录分析，可即将到来的趋势一定只会进入更加发散的境地，因此这里，没有总结。 本篇文章为转载内容。原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/systemino/article/details/90114743。 该文由互联网用户投稿提供，文中观点代表作者本人意见，并不代表本站的立场。 作为信息平台，本站仅提供文章转载服务，并不拥有其所有权，也不对文章内容的真实性、准确性和合法性承担责任。 如发现本文存在侵权、违法、违规或事实不符的情况，请及时联系我们，我们将第一时间进行核实并删除相应内容。