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...还需要做相关改进。最常见的就是进行样品的预处理，在样品制备上进行改进。   由文献[11]整理可知，样品的预处理主要可以分为液体直接检测、液固转换检测、液气转换检测三种。 3.1液体直接检测   液体直接检测主要有两种方式：将光聚焦在静态液体测量和将光聚焦在流动的液体测量两种。   最早期使用LIBS技术进行检验的就是直接将光聚焦在静态液体表面测量。但其精确度和灵敏度往往比将光聚焦在流动的液体测量低。Barreda等人比较了在静态、液体喷射态和液体流动态下硅油中的铂元素使用LIBS进行检测，最后液体喷射态和液体流动态下的LOD比静态下降低了7倍[12]。   但上述实验是在有气体保护下进行的结果。总体上看，液体直接检测并不是一个很好的选择。 图 9 液体分析的三种不同实验装置图[12] a液体喷射分析，b静态液体分析，c通道流动液体分析 　 3.2液固转换检测   液固转换法是检测中最常用的方法，其主要可以分为以下几类： 3.2.1吸附法   吸附法是最常用的预处理方式，利用可吸附材料吸收液体中的微量元素。常用的材料有碳平板、离子交换聚合物膜，或者滤纸、竹片等将液体转换为固体，从而进行分析。   2008年，华南理工大学Chen等人以木片作为基底吸附水溶液的方式测定了Cr、Mn、Cu、Cd、Pb五种金属元素在微量浓度下的校正曲线，其检出限比激光聚焦在页面上直接分析高出2-3个数量级[13]。之后2017年，同实验室的Kang等人以木片作为基底吸附水溶液的方式，使用LIBS-LIF技术对水中的痕量铅进行了高灵敏度测量，最后得到的铅元素的LOD为~0.32ppb，超过了传统实验室检测技术ICP-AES的检测方式，为国际领先水平[14]。 3.2.2成膜法   与吸附法相反，成膜法是将水样滴在非吸水性衬底上，如Si+SiO2衬底和多空电纺超细纤维等，然后干燥成膜，从而转化为固体进行分析。 3.2.3微萃取法   微萃取法是利用萃取剂和溶液中的微量元素化学反应来实现富集。其中，分散液液体微萃取(Dispersion liquid-liquid microextraction, DLLME)是一种简单、经济、富集倍数高、萃取效率高的方法，被广泛使用。 3.2.4冷冻法   将液体冷冻成为冰是液固转化的一种直接预处理方式，冰的消融可以防止液体飞溅和摇晃，从而改善液体分析性能。 3.2.5电沉积法   电沉积法是利用电化学反应，将液体中的样品转化为固体样品并进行预浓缩，之后用于检测。该方法可以使得灵敏度大大提高，但是实验设备也变得复杂，预处理工作量也有变大。 3.3液气转换检测   将液体转化为气溶胶可以使得样品更加稳定，从而产生更稳定的检测信号。可以使用超声波雾化器和膜干燥器等产生气溶胶，再进行常规的LIBS-LIF检测。   Aras等人使用超声波雾化器和薄膜干燥器单元产生亚微米级的气溶胶，实现了液气体转换，并在实际水样上测试了该超声雾化-LIBS系统的适用性，相关实验装置如图 10、图 11所示[15]。 图 10 用于金属气溶胶分析的LIBS实验装置图[15] M：532 nm反射镜，L：聚焦准直透镜，W：石英，P：泵浦，BD：光束转储 　 图 11 样品导入部分结构图[15] (A)与薄膜干燥器相连的USN颗粒发生器去溶装置(加热器和冷凝器)；(B)与5个武装聚四氟乙烯等离子电池相连的薄膜干燥器。G：进气口，DU：脱溶装置，W：废料，MD：薄膜干燥机，L：激光束方向，C：样品池，M：反射镜，F.L.：聚焦透镜 　 　 　 4. 总结与展望   本文简要介绍了LIBS和LIBS-LIF的原理，并对LIBS-LIF在环境监测中的土壤监测和水质检测做了简要的介绍和分类。   LIBS-LIF在土壤监测的技术已经逐渐成熟，基本实现了土壤的快速检测，同时也有相关便携式设备的研究正在进行。对于水质监测方面，使用LIBS-LIF检测往往集中在液固转换法的使用上，对于气体和液体直接检测，由于部分实验装置的限制，联用LIF技术往往比较困难，只能使用传统的LIBS技术。   LIBS-LIF技术快速检测、不需要样品预处理或只需要简单处理、可以实现就地检测等优势与传统实验室检测相比有着独到的优势，虽然目前由于技术限制精度还不够高，但是在当前该领域的火热研究趋势下，相信未来该技术必定可以大放异彩，为绿色中国奉献光学领域的智慧。 　 　 　 参考文献 [1] Hu B, Jia X, Hu J, et al.Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution and Health Risks in the Soil-Plant-Human System in the Yangtze River Delta, China[J].International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,2017, 14 (9): 1042. [2] 康娟. 基于激光剥离的物质元素高分辨高灵敏分析的新技术研究[D]. 华南理工大学,2020. [3] 马菲, 周健民, 杜昌文.激光诱导击穿原子光谱在土壤分析中的应用[J].土壤学报: 1-11. [4] Gaudiuso R, Dell'aglio M, De Pascale O, et al.Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy for Elemental Analysis in Environmental, Cultural Heritage and Space Applications: A Review of Methods and Results[J].Sensors,2010, 10 (8): 7434-7468. [5] Zhou R, Liu K, Tang Z, et al.High-sensitivity determination of available cobalt in soil using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy assisted with laser-induced fluorescence[J].Applied Optics,2021, 60 (29): 9062-9066. [6] Hussain Shah S K, Iqbal J, Ahmad P, et al.Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy methods and applications: A comprehensive review[J].Radiation Physics and Chemistry,2020, 170. [7] V S D, George S D, Kartha V B, et al.Hybrid LIBS-Raman-LIF systems for multi-modal spectroscopic applications: a topical review[J].Applied Spectroscopy Reviews,2020, 56 (6): 1-29. [8] Gornushkin I B, Kim J E, Smith B W, et al.Determination of Cobalt in Soil, Steel, and Graphite Using Excited-State Laser Fluorescence Induced in a Laser Spark[J].Applied Spectroscopy,1997, 51 (7): 1055-1059. [9] Hilbk-Kortenbruck F, Noll R, Wintjens P, et al.Analysis of heavy metals in soils using laser-induced breakdown spectrometry combined with laser-induced fluorescence[J].Spectrochimica Acta Part B-Atomic Spectroscopy,2001, 56 (6): 933-945. [10] Gao P, Yang P, Zhou R, et al.Determination of antimony in soil using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy assisted with laser-induced fluorescence[J].Appl Opt,2018, 57 (30): 8942-8946. [11] Zhang Y, Zhang T, Li H.Application of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) in environmental monitoring[J].Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy,2021, 181: 106218. [12] Barreda F A, Trichard F, Barbier S, et al.Fast quantitative determination of platinum in liquid samples by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy[J].Anal Bioanal Chem,2012, 403 (9): 2601-10. [13] Chen Z, Li H, Liu M, et al.Fast and sensitive trace metal analysis in aqueous solutions by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy using wood slice substrates[J].Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy,2008, 63 (1): 64-68. [14] Kang J, Li R, Wang Y, et al.Ultrasensitive detection of trace amounts of lead in water by LIBS-LIF using a wood-slice substrate as a water absorber[J].Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry,2017, 32 (11): 2292-2299. [15] Aras N, Yeşiller S Ü, Ateş D A, et al.Ultrasonic nebulization-sample introduction system for quantitative analysis of liquid samples by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy[J].Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy,2012, 74-75: 87-94. 本篇文章为转载内容。原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/yyyyang666/article/details/129210164。 该文由互联网用户投稿提供，文中观点代表作者本人意见，并不代表本站的立场。 作为信息平台，本站仅提供文章转载服务，并不拥有其所有权，也不对文章内容的真实性、准确性和合法性承担责任。 如发现本文存在侵权、违法、违规或事实不符的情况，请及时联系我们，我们将第一时间进行核实并删除相应内容。

... openstack配置 openstack的networking-odl插件安装方式 https://docs.openstack.org/networking-odl/latest/install/installation.htmlodl-installation yum install python-networking-odl.noarch -y https://docs.openstack.org/networking-odl/latest/install/installation.htmlnetworking-odl-configuration systemctl restart neutron-server /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2 测试端口可连接性 curl -u admin:admin http://10.13.80.34:8181/controller/nb/v2/neutron/networks odl配置文件修改 etc/custom.properties ovsdb.l3.fwd.enabled=yes ovsdb.l3gateway.mac=0a:00:27:00:00:0d telnet 10.13.80.34 8181 netstat -nlp | grep 8181 telnet 127.0.0.1 8181 telnet 10.13.80.34 8181 systemctl status firewall iptables iptables -nvL iptables -F 清空iptables openstack server create --flavor tiny --image cirros --nic net-id=24449ee2-b84e-493f-8d76-139ac3e4f3cd --key-name mykey provider-instance nova service-list nova show ae5e26d1-c84d-40fa-bb27-f0b46d6a7061 查看虚机详情 ovs-vsctl set Open_vSwitch 89444614-3bf8-4d7a-b3a0-df5d20b48b7a other_config={'local_ip'='192.168.56.102'} ovs-vsctl set Open_vSwitch b084eccf-b92e-470c-8dff-8549e92c2104 other_config={'local_ip'='192.168.56.122'} ovs-vsctl list interface eth0 ovs-appctl fdb/show br-int [root@rcontroller01 ~] openstack security group rule list 2e19a748-9086-49f8-9498-01abc1a964fe 一个神奇的命令 +--------------------------------------+-------------+-----------+------------+--------------------------------------+ | ID | IP Protocol | IP Range | Port Range | Remote Security Group | +--------------------------------------+-------------+-----------+------------+--------------------------------------+ | 0184e6b3-4f7f-4fd5-8125-b80682e7ee48 | None | None | | 2e19a748-9086-49f8-9498-01abc1a964fe | | 1e0bfedc-8f25-408a-9328-708113bbbc52 | icmp | 0.0.0.0/0 | | None | | 39116d39-454b-4d82-867e-bbfd3ea63182 | None | None | | None | | 4032366f-3ac9-4862-85a7-c7411a8b7678 | None | None | | 2e19a748-9086-49f8-9498-01abc1a964fe | | dc7bc251-f0d0-456a-9102-c5b66646aa84 | tcp | 0.0.0.0/0 | 22:22 | None | | ddacf7ea-57ea-4c8a-8b68-093766284595 | None | None | | None | +--------------------------------------+-------------+-----------+------------+--------------------------------------+ dpif/dump-flows dp 想控制端打印dp中流表的所有条目。 这个命令主要来与debugOpen Vswitch.它所打印的流表不是openFlow的流条目。 它打印的是由dp模块维护的简单的流。 如果你想查看OpenFlow条目，请使用ovs-ofctl dump-flows。dpif/del-fow dp 删除指定dp上所有流表。同上所述，这些不是OpenFlow流表。 ovs-appctl dpif/dump-flows br-int 创建网络 openstack network create --share --external --provider-physical-network provider --provider-network-type flat provider $ openstack subnet create --network provider \ --allocation-pool start=192.168.56.100,end=192.168.56.200 \ --dns-nameserver 8.8.8.8 --gateway 192.168.56.1 \ --subnet-range 192.168.56.0/24 provider openstack network create selfservice $ openstack subnet create --network selfservice \ --dns-nameserver 8.8.8.8 --gateway 192.168.1.1 \ --subnet-range 192.168.1.0/24 selfservice openstack router create router openstack router add subnet router selfservice openstack router set router --external-gateway provider openstack port list --router router +--------------------------------------+------+-------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------+ | ID | Name | MAC Address | Fixed IP Addresses | Status | +--------------------------------------+------+-------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------+ | bff6605d-824c-41f9-b744-21d128fc86e1 | | fa:16:3e:2f:34:9b | ip_address='172.16.1.1', subnet_id='3482f524-8bff-4871-80d4-5774c2730728' | ACTIVE | | d6fe98db-ae01-42b0-a860-37b1661f5950 | | fa:16:3e:e8:c1:41 | ip_address='203.0.113.102', subnet_id='5cc70da8-4ee7-4565-be53-b9c011fca011' | ACTIVE | +--------------------------------------+------+-------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------+ $ ping -c 4 203.0.113.102 创建虚机 openstack keypair list $ ssh-keygen -q -N "" $ openstack keypair create --public-key ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub mykey openstack flavor list openstack image list openstack network list openstack server create --flavor tiny --image cirros --nic net-id=27616098-0374-4ab4-95a8-b5bf4839dcf8 --key-name mykey provider-instance 网络配置 python /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/networking_odl/cmd/set_ovs_hostconfigs.py --ovs_hostconfigs='{ "ODL L2": { "allowed_network_types": [ "flat", "vlan", "vxlan" ], "bridge_mappings": { "provider": "br-int" }, "supported_vnic_types": [ { "vnic_type": "normal", "vif_type": "ovs", "vif_details": {} } ] }, "ODL L3": {} }' ovs-vsctl list open . [‎2019/‎1/‎16 19:09] 高正伟: ovs-vsctl set Open_vSwitch . other_config:local_ip=hostip ovs-vsctl set Open_vSwitch . other_config:local_ip=192.168.56.122 ovs-vsctl set Open_vSwitch . other_config:remote_ip=192.168.56.122 ovs-vsctl remove interface tunca7b782f232 options remote_ip ovs-vsctl set Open_vSwitch . other_config:provider_mappings=provider:br-ex ovs-vsctl set Open_vSwitch . external_ids:provider_mappings="{\"provider\": \"br-ex\"}" 清空 ovs-vsctl clear Open_vSwitch . external_ids ovs-vsctl set-manager tcp:10.13.80.34:6640 ovs-vsctl set-controller br-ex tcp:10.13.80.34:6640 ovs-vsctl del-controller br-ex sudo neutron-odl-ovs-hostconfig ovs-vsctl show ovs-vsctl add-port <bridge name> <port name> ovs-vsctl add-port br-ex enp0s10 ovs-vsctl del-port br-ex phy-br-ex ovs-vsctl del-port br-ex tun2ad7e9e91e4 重启odl后 systemctl restart openvswitch.service systemctl restart neutron-server.service systemctl stop neutron-server.service 创建虚机 openstack network create --share --external --provider-physical-network provider --provider-network-type flat provider openstack subnet create --network provider --allocation-pool start=192.168.56.2,end=192.168.56.100 --dns-nameserver 8.8.8.8 --gateway 192.168.56.1 --subnet-range 192.168.56.0/24 provider nova boot --image cirros --flavor tiny --nic net-id= --availability-zone nova:rcontroller01 vm-01 openstack server create --flavor tiny --image cirros --nic net-id= --key-name mykey test nova boot --image cirros --flavor tiny --nic net-id=0fe983c2-8178-403b-a00e-e8561580b210 --availability-zone nova:rcontroller01 vm-01 虚机可以学习到mac但是ping不通 抓包，先在虚机网卡上抓包， 然后在br-int上抓包 发现虚拟网卡上是发送了icmp请求报文的，但是br-int上没有 查看报文情况 [root@rcontroller01 ~] ovs-appctl dpif/dump-flows br-int recirc_id(0),tunnel(tun_id=0x0,src=192.168.56.102,dst=192.168.56.122,flags(-df-csum+key)),in_port(4),eth(),eth_type(0x0800),ipv4(proto=17,frag=no),udp(dst=3784), packets:266436, bytes:17584776, used:0.591s, actions:userspace(pid=4294962063,slow_path(bfd)) recirc_id(0xa0),in_port(5),ct_state(+new-est-rel-inv+trk),ct_mark(0/0x1),eth(),eth_type(0x0800),ipv4(frag=no), packets:148165, bytes:14520170, used:0.566s, actions:drop recirc_id(0),in_port(3),eth(),eth_type(0x0806), packets:1, bytes:60, used:5.228s, actions:drop recirc_id(0),tunnel(tun_id=0xb,src=192.168.56.102,dst=192.168.56.122,flags(-df-csum+key)),in_port(4),eth(dst=fa:16:3e:ab:ba:7e),eth_type(0x0806), packets:0, bytes:0, used:never, actions:5 recirc_id(0),in_port(5),eth(src=fa:16:3e:ab:ba:7e),eth_type(0x0800),ipv4(src=192.168.0.16,proto=1,frag=no), packets:148165, bytes:14520170, used:0.566s, actions:ct(zone=5004),recirc(0xa0) recirc_id(0),in_port(3),eth(),eth_type(0x0800),ipv4(frag=no), packets:886646, bytes:316947183, used:0.210s, flags:SFPR., actions:drop recirc_id(0),in_port(5),eth(src=fa:16:3e:ab:ba:7e,dst=fa:16:3e:7d:95:75),eth_type(0x0806),arp(sip=192.168.0.16,tip=192.168.0.5,op=1/0xff,sha=fa:16:3e:ab:ba:7e), packets:0, bytes:0, used:never, actions:userspace(pid=4294961925,controller(reason=4,dont_send=0,continuation=0,recirc_id=4618,rule_cookie=0x822002d,controller_id=0,max_len=65535)),set(tunnel(tun_id=0xb,src=192.168.56.122,dst=192.168.56.102,ttl=64,tp_dst=4789,flags(df|key))),4 安全组设置 openstack security group rule create --proto tcp 2e19a748-9086-49f8-9498-01abc1a964fe openstack security group rule create --proto tcp 6095293d-c2cd-433d-8a8f-e77ecb03609e openstack security group rule create --proto udp 2e19a748-9086-49f8-9498-01abc1a964fe openstack security group rule create --proto udp 6095293d-c2cd-433d-8a8f-e77ecb03609e ovs-vsctl add-port br-ex "ex-patch-int" ovs-vsctl set interface "ex-patch-int" type=patch ovs-vsctl set interface "ex-patch-int" options:peer=int-patch-ex ovs-vsctl add-port br-int "int-patch-ex" ovs-vsctl set interface "int-patch-ex" type=patch ovs-vsctl set interface "int-patch-ex" options:peer=ex-patch-int ovs-vsctl del-port br-ex "ex-patch-int" ovs-vsctl del-port br-int "int-patch-ex" ovs-vsctl del-port br-ex enp0s9 ovs-vsctl add-port br-int enp0s9 ovs-appctl ofproto/trace 重要命令 sudo ovs-ofctl -O OpenFlow13 show br-int sudo ovs-appctl ofproto/trace br-int "in_port=5,ip,nw_src=192.168.0.16,nw_dst=192.168.0.5" ovs-appctl dpctl/dump-conntrack 11.查看接口id等 ovs-appctl dpif/show 12.查看接口统计 ovs-ofctl dump-ports br-int 查看接口 sudo ovs-ofctl show br-int -O OpenFlow13 ovs常用命令 控制管理类 1.查看网桥和端口 ovs-vsctl show 1 2.创建一个网桥 ovs-vsctl add-br br0 ovs-vsctl set bridge br0 datapath_type=netdev 1 2 3.添加/删除一个端口 for system interfaces ovs-vsctl add-port br0 eth1 ovs-vsctl del-port br0 eth1 for DPDK ovs-vsctl add-port br0 dpdk1 -- set interface dpdk1 type=dpdk options:dpdk-devargs=0000:01:00.0 for DPDK bonds ovs-vsctl add-bond br0 dpdkbond0 dpdk1 dpdk2 \ -- set interface dpdk1 type=dpdk options:dpdk-devargs=0000:01:00.0 \ -- set interface dpdk2 type=dpdk options:dpdk-devargs=0000:02:00.0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 4.设置/清除网桥的openflow协议版本 ovs-vsctl set bridge br0 protocols=OpenFlow13 ovs-vsctl clear bridge br0 protocols 1 2 5.查看某网桥当前流表 ovs-ofctl dump-flows br0 ovs-ofctl -O OpenFlow13 dump-flows br0 ovs-appctl bridge/dump-flows br0 1 2 3 6.设置/删除控制器 ovs-vsctl set-controller br0 tcp:1.2.3.4:6633 ovs-vsctl del-controller br0 1 2 7.查看控制器列表 ovs-vsctl list controller 1 8.设置/删除被动连接控制器 ovs-vsctl set-manager tcp:1.2.3.4:6640 ovs-vsctl get-manager ovs-vsctl del-manager 1 2 3 9.设置/移除可选选项 ovs-vsctl set Interface eth0 options:link_speed=1G ovs-vsctl remove Interface eth0 options link_speed 1 2 10.设置fail模式，支持standalone或者secure standalone(default)：清除所有控制器下发的流表，ovs自己接管 secure：按照原来流表继续转发 ovs-vsctl del-fail-mode br0 ovs-vsctl set-fail-mode br0 secure ovs-vsctl get-fail-mode br0 1 2 3 11.查看接口id等 ovs-appctl dpif/show 1 12.查看接口统计 ovs-ofctl dump-ports br0 1 流表类 流表操作 1.添加普通流表 ovs-ofctl add-flow br0 in_port=1,actions=output:2 1 2.删除所有流表 ovs-ofctl del-flows br0 1 3.按匹配项来删除流表 ovs-ofctl del-flows br0 "in_port=1" 1 匹配项 1.匹配vlan tag，范围为0-4095 ovs-ofctl add-flow br0 priority=401,in_port=1,dl_vlan=777,actions=output:2 1 2.匹配vlan pcp，范围为0-7 ovs-ofctl add-flow br0 priority=401,in_port=1,dl_vlan_pcp=7,actions=output:2 1 3.匹配源/目的MAC ovs-ofctl add-flow br0 in_port=1,dl_src=00:00:00:00:00:01/00:00:00:00:00:01,actions=output:2 ovs-ofctl add-flow br0 in_port=1,dl_dst=00:00:00:00:00:01/00:00:00:00:00:01,actions=output:2 1 2 4.匹配以太网类型，范围为0-65535 ovs-ofctl add-flow br0 in_port=1,dl_type=0x0806,actions=output:2 1 5.匹配源/目的IP 条件：指定dl_type=0x0800，或者ip/tcp ovs-ofctl add-flow br0 ip,in_port=1,nw_src=10.10.0.0/16,actions=output:2 ovs-ofctl add-flow br0 ip,in_port=1,nw_dst=10.20.0.0/16,actions=output:2 1 2 6.匹配协议号，范围为0-255 条件：指定dl_type=0x0800或者ip ICMP ovs-ofctl add-flow br0 ip,in_port=1,nw_proto=1,actions=output:2 7.匹配IP ToS/DSCP，tos范围为0-255，DSCP范围为0-63 条件：指定dl_type=0x0800/0x86dd，并且ToS低2位会被忽略(DSCP值为ToS的高6位，并且低2位为预留位) ovs-ofctl add-flow br0 ip,in_port=1,nw_tos=68,actions=output:2 ovs-ofctl add-flow br0 ip,in_port=1,ip_dscp=62,actions=output:2 8.匹配IP ecn位，范围为0-3 条件：指定dl_type=0x0800/0x86dd ovs-ofctl add-flow br0 ip,in_port=1,ip_ecn=2,actions=output:2 9.匹配IP TTL，范围为0-255 ovs-ofctl add-flow br0 ip,in_port=1,nw_ttl=128,actions=output:2 10.匹配tcp/udp，源/目的端口，范围为0-65535 匹配源tcp端口179 ovs-ofctl add-flow br0 tcp,tcp_src=179/0xfff0,actions=output:2 匹配目的tcp端口179 ovs-ofctl add-flow br0 tcp,tcp_dst=179/0xfff0,actions=output:2 匹配源udp端口1234 ovs-ofctl add-flow br0 udp,udp_src=1234/0xfff0,actions=output:2 匹配目的udp端口1234 ovs-ofctl add-flow br0 udp,udp_dst=1234/0xfff0,actions=output:2 11.匹配tcp flags tcp flags=fin，syn，rst，psh，ack，urg，ece，cwr，ns ovs-ofctl add-flow br0 tcp,tcp_flags=ack,actions=output:2 12.匹配icmp code，范围为0-255 条件：指定icmp ovs-ofctl add-flow br0 icmp,icmp_code=2,actions=output:2 13.匹配vlan TCI TCI低12位为vlan id，高3位为priority，例如tci=0xf123则vlan_id为0x123和vlan_pcp=7 ovs-ofctl add-flow br0 in_port=1,vlan_tci=0xf123,actions=output:2 14.匹配mpls label 条件：指定dl_type=0x8847/0x8848 ovs-ofctl add-flow br0 mpls,in_port=1,mpls_label=7,actions=output:2 15.匹配mpls tc，范围为0-7 条件：指定dl_type=0x8847/0x8848 ovs-ofctl add-flow br0 mpls,in_port=1,mpls_tc=7,actions=output:2 1 16.匹配tunnel id，源/目的IP 匹配tunnel id ovs-ofctl add-flow br0 in_port=1,tun_id=0x7/0xf,actions=output:2 匹配tunnel源IP ovs-ofctl add-flow br0 in_port=1,tun_src=192.168.1.0/255.255.255.0,actions=output:2 匹配tunnel目的IP ovs-ofctl add-flow br0 in_port=1,tun_dst=192.168.1.0/255.255.255.0,actions=output:2 一些匹配项的速记符 速记符 匹配项 ip dl_type=0x800 ipv6 dl_type=0x86dd icmp dl_type=0x0800,nw_proto=1 icmp6 dl_type=0x86dd,nw_proto=58 tcp dl_type=0x0800,nw_proto=6 tcp6 dl_type=0x86dd,nw_proto=6 udp dl_type=0x0800,nw_proto=17 udp6 dl_type=0x86dd,nw_proto=17 sctp dl_type=0x0800,nw_proto=132 sctp6 dl_type=0x86dd,nw_proto=132 arp dl_type=0x0806 rarp dl_type=0x8035 mpls dl_type=0x8847 mplsm dl_type=0x8848 指令动作 1.动作为出接口 从指定接口转发出去 ovs-ofctl add-flow br0 in_port=1,actions=output:2 1 2.动作为指定group group id为已创建的group table ovs-ofctl add-flow br0 in_port=1,actions=group:666 1 3.动作为normal 转为L2/L3处理流程 ovs-ofctl add-flow br0 in_port=1,actions=normal 1 4.动作为flood 从所有物理接口转发出去，除了入接口和已关闭flooding的接口 ovs-ofctl add-flow br0 in_port=1,actions=flood 1 5.动作为all 从所有物理接口转发出去，除了入接口 ovs-ofctl add-flow br0 in_port=1,actions=all 1 6.动作为local 一般是转发给本地网桥 ovs-ofctl add-flow br0 in_port=1,actions=local 1 7.动作为in_port 从入接口转发回去 ovs-ofctl add-flow br0 in_port=1,actions=in_port 1 8.动作为controller 以packet-in消息上送给控制器 ovs-ofctl add-flow br0 in_port=1,actions=controller 1 9.动作为drop 丢弃数据包操作 ovs-ofctl add-flow br0 in_port=1,actions=drop 1 10.动作为mod_vlan_vid 修改报文的vlan id，该选项会使vlan_pcp置为0 ovs-ofctl add-flow br0 in_port=1,actions=mod_vlan_vid:8,output:2 1 11.动作为mod_vlan_pcp 修改报文的vlan优先级，该选项会使vlan_id置为0 ovs-ofctl add-flow br0 in_port=1,actions=mod_vlan_pcp:7,output:2 1 12.动作为strip_vlan 剥掉报文内外层vlan tag ovs-ofctl add-flow br0 in_port=1,actions=strip_vlan,output:2 1 13.动作为push_vlan 在报文外层压入一层vlan tag，需要使用openflow1.1以上版本兼容 ovs-ofctl add-flow -O OpenFlow13 br0 in_port=1,actions=push_vlan:0x8100,set_field:4097-\>vlan_vid,output:2 1 ps: set field值为4096+vlan_id，并且vlan优先级为0，即4096-8191，对应的vlan_id为0-4095 14.动作为push_mpls 修改报文的ethertype，并且压入一个MPLS LSE ovs-ofctl add-flow br0 in_port=1,actions=push_mpls:0x8847,set_field:10-\>mpls_label,output:2 1 15.动作为pop_mpls 剥掉最外层mpls标签，并且修改ethertype为非mpls类型 ovs-ofctl add-flow br0 mpls,in_port=1,mpls_label=20,actions=pop_mpls:0x0800,output:2 1 16.动作为修改源/目的MAC，修改源/目的IP 修改源MAC ovs-ofctl add-flow br0 in_port=1,actions=mod_dl_src:00:00:00:00:00:01,output:2 修改目的MAC ovs-ofctl add-flow br0 in_port=1,actions=mod_dl_dst:00:00:00:00:00:01,output:2 修改源IP ovs-ofctl add-flow br0 in_port=1,actions=mod_nw_src:192.168.1.1,output:2 修改目的IP ovs-ofctl add-flow br0 in_port=1,actions=mod_nw_dst:192.168.1.1,output:2 17.动作为修改TCP/UDP/SCTP源目的端口 修改TCP源端口 ovs-ofctl add-flow br0 tcp,in_port=1,actions=mod_tp_src:67,output:2 修改TCP目的端口 ovs-ofctl add-flow br0 tcp,in_port=1,actions=mod_tp_dst:68,output:2 修改UDP源端口 ovs-ofctl add-flow br0 udp,in_port=1,actions=mod_tp_src:67,output:2 修改UDP目的端口 ovs-ofctl add-flow br0 udp,in_port=1,actions=mod_tp_dst:68,output:2 18.动作为mod_nw_tos 条件：指定dl_type=0x0800 修改ToS字段的高6位，范围为0-255，值必须为4的倍数，并且不会去修改ToS低2位ecn值 ovs-ofctl add-flow br0 ip,in_port=1,actions=mod_nw_tos:68,output:2 1 19.动作为mod_nw_ecn 条件：指定dl_type=0x0800，需要使用openflow1.1以上版本兼容 修改ToS字段的低2位，范围为0-3，并且不会去修改ToS高6位的DSCP值 ovs-ofctl add-flow br0 ip,in_port=1,actions=mod_nw_ecn:2,output:2 1 20.动作为mod_nw_ttl 修改IP报文ttl值，需要使用openflow1.1以上版本兼容 ovs-ofctl add-flow -O OpenFlow13 br0 in_port=1,actions=mod_nw_ttl:6,output:2 1 21.动作为dec_ttl 对IP报文进行ttl自减操作 ovs-ofctl add-flow br0 in_port=1,actions=dec_ttl,output:2 1 22.动作为set_mpls_label 对报文最外层mpls标签进行修改，范围为20bit值 ovs-ofctl add-flow br0 in_port=1,actions=set_mpls_label:666,output:2 1 23.动作为set_mpls_tc 对报文最外层mpls tc进行修改，范围为0-7 ovs-ofctl add-flow br0 in_port=1,actions=set_mpls_tc:7,output:2 1 24.动作为set_mpls_ttl 对报文最外层mpls ttl进行修改，范围为0-255 ovs-ofctl add-flow br0 in_port=1,actions=set_mpls_ttl:255,output:2 1 25.动作为dec_mpls_ttl 对报文最外层mpls ttl进行自减操作 ovs-ofctl add-flow br0 in_port=1,actions=dec_mpls_ttl,output:2 1 26.动作为move NXM字段 使用move参数对NXM字段进行操作 将报文源MAC复制到目的MAC字段，并且将源MAC改为00:00:00:00:00:01 ovs-ofctl add-flow br0 in_port=1,actions=move:NXM_OF_ETH_SRC[]-\>NXM_OF_ETH_DST[],mod_dl_src:00:00:00:00:00:01,output:2 1 2 ps: 常用NXM字段参照表 NXM字段 报文字段 NXM_OF_ETH_SRC 源MAC NXM_OF_ETH_DST 目的MAC NXM_OF_ETH_TYPE 以太网类型 NXM_OF_VLAN_TCI vid NXM_OF_IP_PROTO IP协议号 NXM_OF_IP_TOS IP ToS值 NXM_NX_IP_ECN IP ToS ECN NXM_OF_IP_SRC 源IP NXM_OF_IP_DST 目的IP NXM_OF_TCP_SRC TCP源端口 NXM_OF_TCP_DST TCP目的端口 NXM_OF_UDP_SRC UDP源端口 NXM_OF_UDP_DST UDP目的端口 NXM_OF_SCTP_SRC SCTP源端口 NXM_OF_SCTP_DST SCTP目的端口 27.动作为load NXM字段 使用load参数对NXM字段进行赋值操作 push mpls label，并且把10(0xa)赋值给mpls label ovs-ofctl add-flow br0 in_port=1,actions=push_mpls:0x8847,load:0xa-\>OXM_OF_MPLS_LABEL[],output:2 对目的MAC进行赋值 ovs-ofctl add-flow br0 in_port=1,actions=load:0x001122334455-\>OXM_OF_ETH_DST[],output:2 1 2 3 4 28.动作为pop_vlan 弹出报文最外层vlan tag ovs-ofctl add-flow br0 in_port=1,dl_type=0x8100,dl_vlan=777,actions=pop_vlan,output:2 1 meter表 常用操作 由于meter表是openflow1.3版本以后才支持，所以所有命令需要指定OpenFlow1.3版本以上 ps: 在openvswitch-v2.8之前的版本中，还不支持meter 在v2.8版本之后已经实现，要正常使用的话，需要注意的是datapath类型要指定为netdev，band type暂时只支持drop，还不支持DSCP REMARK 1.查看当前设备对meter的支持 ovs-ofctl -O OpenFlow13 meter-features br0 2.查看meter表 ovs-ofctl -O OpenFlow13 dump-meters br0 3.查看meter统计 ovs-ofctl -O OpenFlow13 meter-stats br0 4.创建meter表 限速类型以kbps(kilobits per second)计算，超过20kb/s则丢弃 ovs-ofctl -O OpenFlow13 add-meter br0 meter=1,kbps,band=type=drop,rate=20 同上，增加burst size参数 ovs-ofctl -O OpenFlow13 add-meter br0 meter=2,kbps,band=type=drop,rate=20,burst_size=256 同上，增加stats参数,对meter进行计数统计 ovs-ofctl -O OpenFlow13 add-meter br0 meter=3,kbps,stats,band=type=drop,rate=20,burst_size=256 限速类型以pktps(packets per second)计算，超过1000pkt/s则丢弃 ovs-ofctl -O OpenFlow13 add-meter br0 meter=4,pktps,band=type=drop,rate=1000 5.删除meter表 删除全部meter表 ovs-ofctl -O OpenFlow13 del-meters br0 删除meter id=1 ovs-ofctl -O OpenFlow13 del-meter br0 meter=1 6.创建流表 ovs-ofctl -O OpenFlow13 add-flow br0 in_port=1,actions=meter:1,output:2 group表 由于group表是openflow1.1版本以后才支持，所以所有命令需要指定OpenFlow1.1版本以上 常用操作 group table支持4种类型 all：所有buckets都执行一遍 select： 每次选择其中一个bucket执行，常用于负载均衡应用 ff(FAST FAILOVER)：快速故障修复，用于检测解决接口等故障 indirect：间接执行，类似于一个函数方法，被另一个group来调用 1.查看当前设备对group的支持 ovs-ofctl -O OpenFlow13 dump-group-features br0 2.查看group表 ovs-ofctl -O OpenFlow13 dump-groups br0 3.创建group表 类型为all ovs-ofctl -O OpenFlow13 add-group br0 group_id=1,type=all,bucket=output:1,bucket=output:2,bucket=output:3 类型为select ovs-ofctl -O OpenFlow13 add-group br0 group_id=2,type=select,bucket=output:1,bucket=output:2,bucket=output:3 类型为select，指定hash方法(5元组，OpenFlow1.5+) ovs-ofctl -O OpenFlow15 add-group br0 group_id=3,type=select,selection_method=hash,fields=ip_src,bucket=output:2,bucket=output:3 4.删除group表 ovs-ofctl -O OpenFlow13 del-groups br0 group_id=2 5.创建流表 ovs-ofctl -O OpenFlow13 add-flow br0 in_port=1,actions=group:2 goto table配置 数据流先从table0开始匹配，如actions有goto_table，再进行后续table的匹配，实现多级流水线，如需使用goto table，则创建流表时，指定table id，范围为0-255，不指定则默认为table0 1.在table0中添加一条流表条目 ovs-ofctl add-flow br0 table=0,in_port=1,actions=goto_table=1 2.在table1中添加一条流表条目 ovs-ofctl add-flow br0 table=1,ip,nw_dst=10.10.0.0/16,actions=output:2 tunnel配置 如需配置tunnel，必需确保当前系统对各tunnel的remote ip网络可达 gre 1.创建一个gre接口，并且指定端口id=1001 ovs-vsctl add-port br0 gre1 -- set Interface gre1 type=gre options:remote_ip=1.1.1.1 ofport_request=1001 2.可选选项 将tos或者ttl在隧道上继承，并将tunnel id设置成123 ovs-vsctl set Interface gre1 options:tos=inherit options:ttl=inherit options:key=123 3.创建关于gre流表 封装gre转发 ovs-ofctl add-flow br0 ip,in_port=1,nw_dst=10.10.0.0/16,actions=output:1001 解封gre转发 ovs-ofctl add-flow br0 in_port=1001,actions=output:1 vxlan 1.创建一个vxlan接口，并且指定端口id=2001 ovs-vsctl add-port br0 vxlan1 -- set Interface vxlan1 type=vxlan options:remote_ip=1.1.1.1 ofport_request=2001 2.可选选项 将tos或者ttl在隧道上继承，将vni设置成123，UDP目的端为设置成8472(默认为4789) ovs-vsctl set Interface vxlan1 options:tos=inherit options:ttl=inherit options:key=123 options:dst_port=8472 3.创建关于vxlan流表 封装vxlan转发 ovs-ofctl add-flow br0 ip,in_port=1,nw_dst=10.10.0.0/16,actions=output:2001 解封vxlan转发 ovs-ofctl add-flow br0 in_port=2001,actions=output:1 sflow配置 1.对网桥br0进行sflow监控 agent: 与collector通信所在的网口名，通常为管理口 target: collector监听的IP地址和端口，端口默认为6343 header: sFlow在采样时截取报文头的长度 polling: 采样时间间隔，单位为秒 ovs-vsctl -- --id=@sflow create sflow agent=eth0 target=\"10.0.0.1:6343\" header=128 sampling=64 polling=10 -- set bridge br0 sflow=@sflow 2.查看创建的sflow ovs-vsctl list sflow 3.删除对应的网桥sflow配置，参数为sFlow UUID ovs-vsctl remove bridge br0 sflow 7b9b962e-fe09-407c-b224-5d37d9c1f2b3 4.删除网桥下所有sflow配置 ovs-vsctl -- clear bridge br0 sflow 1 QoS配置 ingress policing 1.配置ingress policing，对接口eth0入流限速10Mbps ovs-vsctl set interface eth0 ingress_policing_rate=10000 ovs-vsctl set interface eth0 ingress_policing_burst=8000 2.清除相应接口的ingress policer配置 ovs-vsctl set interface eth0 ingress_policing_rate=0 ovs-vsctl set interface eth0 ingress_policing_burst=0 3.查看接口ingress policer配置 ovs-vsctl list interface eth0 4.查看网桥支持的Qos类型 ovs-appctl qos/show-types br0 端口镜像配置 1.配置eth0收到/发送的数据包镜像到eth1 ovs-vsctl -- set bridge br0 mirrors=@m \ -- --id=@eth0 get port eth0 \ -- --id=@eth1 get port eth1 \ -- --id=@m create mirror name=mymirror select-dst-port=@eth0 select-src-port=@eth0 output-port=@eth1 2.删除端口镜像配置 ovs-vsctl -- --id=@m get mirror mymirror -- remove bridge br0 mirrors @m 3.清除网桥下所有端口镜像配置 ovs-vsctl clear bridge br0 mirrors 4.查看端口镜像配置 ovs-vsctl get bridge br0 mirrors Open vSwitch中有多个命令，分别有不同的作用，大致如下： ovs-vsctl用于控制ovs db ovs-ofctl用于管理OpenFlow switch 的 flow ovs-dpctl用于管理ovs的datapath ovs-appctl用于查询和管理ovs daemon 转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/liuhongru/p/10336849.html 本篇文章为转载内容。原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_30876945/article/details/99916308。 该文由互联网用户投稿提供，文中观点代表作者本人意见，并不代表本站的立场。 作为信息平台，本站仅提供文章转载服务，并不拥有其所有权，也不对文章内容的真实性、准确性和合法性承担责任。 如发现本文存在侵权、违法、违规或事实不符的情况，请及时联系我们，我们将第一时间进行核实并删除相应内容。

...间，支持PHP+MySql，免费二级域名，免费域名绑定 这个是我邀请的地址，您通过这个链接注册即为我的好友，并获赠云豆500个，价值5元哦！短网址是http://t.cn/SXOiLh我创建的小站每天访客已经达到2000+了，每天挂广告赚50+元哦，呵呵，饭钱不愁了，\(^o^)/ 本篇文章为转载内容。原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/javazhuanzai/article/details/7189396。 该文由互联网用户投稿提供，文中观点代表作者本人意见，并不代表本站的立场。 作为信息平台，本站仅提供文章转载服务，并不拥有其所有权，也不对文章内容的真实性、准确性和合法性承担责任。 如发现本文存在侵权、违法、违规或事实不符的情况，请及时联系我们，我们将第一时间进行核实并删除相应内容。

... message: 错误信息 / var callbackFailed = function(message){ alert('发送打印任务出错: ' + message); } </script> <!-- 调用发送打印请求功能 --> <script type="text/javascript"> (function(){ document.getElementById("btnPrint").onclick = function() { CFPrint.outputid = "output"; //指定调试信息输出div的id CFPrint.SendRequest(_url, _reportData, callbackSuccess, callbackFailed); //发送打印请求 }; })(); </script> </html> 六、模板设计器（重要！重要！！，好多朋友都找不到设计器入口） 在主界面上，双击右下角的“设计”两个字，即可打开模板设计工具箱，在工具箱有三个按钮和一个大文本框。三个按钮的作用分别是： 设计：以大文本框中的json数据为数据源，打开模板设计器窗口； 预览：以大文本框中的json数据为数据源，预览当前所用模板的打印效果； 打印：以大文本框中的json数据为数据源，向打印机输出当前所用模板生成的报表； 以后将会有详细的模板设计教程发布，如果您遇到紧急的难题，请向作者咨询。 本篇文章为转载内容。原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/chensongmol/article/details/76087600。 该文由互联网用户投稿提供，文中观点代表作者本人意见，并不代表本站的立场。 作为信息平台，本站仅提供文章转载服务，并不拥有其所有权，也不对文章内容的真实性、准确性和合法性承担责任。 如发现本文存在侵权、违法、违规或事实不符的情况，请及时联系我们，我们将第一时间进行核实并删除相应内容。

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Nr6FsaVd2t/Fv05XBjZ1cxKfNZxk71AIUDDcAHHfrmpLHT7qe+hlSNH+xrs8tmZmKiMKR5fIG4kEDPc+tYralespV5mlVFOCQDjgjOD9a0tO0sXsdtN9tcfaQ5uQh5K5zgDHPXng/XoTtdJXOyOY1KiujWtfDRi1Q3R81FR2mYtdM2Q2QPl2g5yRnJP3D1zmu18GL/xdbWj0xZ4wfrF/n8a5Dw6iR3k8bSzFSocGRjggnr19c5+orsfBJH/CztbA7WoA+mUqaM+aa06nLia860oOfRnqArh/irpUur+F7WCGRY5EvVkBJx0Rx1/Gu471yPxGuPs3h+2kJuABdqD9ni3t9x+3+ecDkkA9OLU3Qlyb2NqTSmmzwe6i8Q6XlQ8+wdGxuB/Hn+dXNKi12+1P7NPdLA8KrI6zyBOCcKDjoSfl69a2/t+qSSRiLTZtpwUEsBByc9R6dD3xvB+bGKvtNNbmGC80iLaTskcCMLsLEbSzAKuMZUHAYnGRwq+XRw14/vkr+h1zrdEdn4S8MWek6W32ae4hvmO6SXfuIODgYOVI+Ynpz17CoNGj0dvELQP9qj1WSR3kZ2UEvktnGOAcE47dBVGDxTHbKbay097med38ydZBa+aqgfOpIyQVU5I4+XOeRUFhosNjqNncrdwRXspLhvPLK5ZAzYbuMeoU85xgrVzpyglZXRzPVnpVzbia2ELyuEYFWZSVYjHZl5U9ORXhfjrSZdD1mK0hkC2MkbmKeUk+QMtuRQx7fzPU173tV05wQwwecg1yHi3wbP4hlg8mWEIgYMZuSdxXtt6YBP1A+o6paJWRMXrqeFWdlcXd5KNIAlaXar3TDepUdcc4Y/N93p0GR0PpHgTwrfNavqD6jeRSOo8u43KRITgtkYIYcA57556V22keAtF00l3gN1I3DG4bcp4Axs+7jgdRkeprqFjUdBxUSjOb12Lc0tieiiivTMAooooAKQjIxS0UAc14ksBMqyYGxv8AWZAIwPUHrxXLrcm3vX+0COFYQA0rNg/KSUI25UDAPHDdW44r0DVFdrGQRJvkONo9Dnr+HX8K5C28DyS3wnvZQcNuzjp7KOgxj8+e9cNSk+fQ6ITXLqRWl1dXxEemB1twFXfIqnpgZUYyenc10lhoYiPmzySFyuG+c5PuT/nitKysLeyjCQoBgYJPJNW8CtoUEviIlUvohkaLGAqKqqAFAHYDoK5f4ieGJfFfhZrG3l2XEcqzRA8BmAIwfwY11dBGa6DI+Kte8PXOlXbW93BNbyKfmDKQCcf5x7fjWPHZkS5VgVHYDJr7a1PQNM1dAt/ZxTgfd3oDj6VhRfDTwxDL5i6cmc98/wAqAPAPAngy/wBZ1eB/JdYI2Du5H5Y9K98k8FWN5YrBdW6yBQQCRyPoa6iz061sIRDbQRxRgcKq4FW8UgPnfxd8Ib+yuV1DRJpC0RV0CZEilemMc8dsciuf034i+JPDcgsdftmv7VcIXfiRQMD72Oen8XPuK+pJYkkXDgEHiuU8Q+BdM12Flnt0MhGA4HPtRYDxk+GvBvjqBrnw9cLYXpG57ULtXA2/ejzwOcbkOASeteg/DTV5tFSPwdrMgTU7dS1sWbK3EWTjYepxz8pCkDHBwTXnviH4OanpMkmoaPM2+D97GIyRICvPy47/AORzXL6Lqurxa9p/iPUnvbyGylRJZ0l/eRKD9193ABB+h3Ebic4QH16ar3rmOzmcc7UY8ewNWGGRWbr8xt/DupTKSrR2srA+hCE05LRiaT0Pn7U9Qs9Ds7a1gzc3EqGTKH5CQxQnJ5xlSB9M98nCn8QXt1lV8qLjosYJ/M5/nV29/sxtO03F15t7JB5bh0+S1Uyu2c4yScg8DueoPC2tjo0LsJdVtSgQgHypXyx+qcD6V5PsYp3sepBYPBUYOcbt9zdtnNnbxJfWrSzqgMkieWozjITlu2QD+faktdSsNRjuJIRtkiZVIMak5bjcTkjqf0P1OLe3ELx3L/2zbyTTKUziUYXuPuc9vyFZj2VobdFg1giUxkSNtkbLE5P8AzzmqjRi9zy5Vabk7M9E0Z4ZY/KMSRhgCMZAY44GcYB4rV8Bvv8AitrRH3fs0g/J48f1rgfCMZ0mWcpP9qhk2/OqMpY+jA9ecflXf/Di6ifxtfRoP3k1q88jf8DTA/I0UqkFVUE7syqK8os9ZFef/F7VINI8Nabc3IkMB1FY3MbAEAxS88j9RgjqCCBXoAryv4/7B4Dsi6qf+JlHjdyAfKl7d/px9a9Rq6sbJnNz67Fc6UJf7XW9ecyTbRbiaUDqqiNxlMBh1yMZIyMGoLuSO1uLe3uZprjYFMjSfIiYwVl2JuKnIYHcgLKoOTg14pGWtpEkhOyVDvDhuQwPBVh3yMjH4muj0/xRqF4IdGvL2LyjPkXd35r7OP7mdpzyfmXOTyR2xdNo0UkdrqmoxQgvb30drCbSOFdswlaIDuoKhlbIPA+YbuB0xn22l6rq2mC/1ETjTynnxX1xGZ5JGKgsOPlOcclwx6gZYFRc8JWnhu7kvri5v/7QvJh5QySrtudlzjbhVIA7cbh6V3EkEjiJBYW8pt2BE8KNbGT5CMbMn5SNvz7jkYHOQKjbcowvCV7fWQXTrXVJbQ6dlmlgt3eBwyNkyAsFYEgYYAkeuOa9CtfH0FlFIviIR2gV5FjuolZoZQrYz04OMHglfmHzZOBwF1p1nbxfZIJYbeNJGgimASYpI25sDCjGXyDuOOmcAnFC3fVYLL7XOWtbyU+XHHGNxZwpL7lK5RgcFWHI+UEHjCW2hLR79aXVveQrNazxzQsMq8bhlP4irHevnDTvE9z4blfUYc2kb4S5Eb+XG8iqMMo2kEt1xzzu4GTXVQfHhEikN1oFwSrcMhKgjseVP9KadxWPZ6KKK6iAooooAKKKKAA0mBS0UAFFFFABRRRQAUUUUAFFFFABRRRQBHJCki4ZQR7141490X/hB9aXxZpaRva3UoivrJuFlznkfzOe9e01zvjLwoni7w/NpbXX2YyMrCXy9+0g+mRnjI696QHRGud8b3jWPg7U5I4nllkhMMaIMlmf5Rge2c/hXRVFPbw3MRjmjV0PYimTJXTR8nXehas4JXSb8HqcQNWcdF1lODp16v8AvQkfzr61Ogaaf+Xc/wDfbf40x/D2nMm1Y2T3DZP65rD2COiniasaapztJLuj5FjS9JdVRwUYq/H3T71NBE8citM5bHRQc5/OvqSPwNosDSNbwmFpTukMSopc+pwvNSnwhpxx8844x95f8Kl4dPQmdadrU0o+iPm+HxQ9lBHFb2iEqP8AWZG5vc59K7P4S60lx4+YzRrC9xZPFGFXG5gVbHHH3UP5V6yfBenM2WknbHTJXj9K0bDQrLT3DxKzyDgPIckD+VKlhYU5cy3OT2dRyTm7mivJzXK/EHS9J1jw/DY6xCJYZLkeWN5Vlk2PgrjqwG7jBzzkEZrrK5zxp4V/4S/R4dP+2/ZPLuFn3+VvzhWGMbhj73XPat583K+Xc6Fa+p85eI/hJqmnebdaFJ/almScw4xcJyeMdHA4yV5PPyjFefIwhmw6vuT5cZ+6Rx/P/Ir610n4f6lpvyy+JDdIPul7PDg/72/kfX86Z4i+E+jeKIy2ovtu+Nt5BEEl46buSHHGPmBIHAIrODqbSQ2l0PlhmlgjWWOSSFiuCeccg8K3XBB+nuc11Ok+Pr/SrgLHbQ3MMMewC4IOwA9VI+5wegP5kA16Gf2axxjxZgZyR/Z2fw/1vSnn9m9ZCzSeKQzEADGm7QMY7eZWjgmCkQReL9G1+1065EzaWbSQST22UiVUXONr4KEYYfKACQWypHI5bW/FEV032PS4PtSmSSKK5bfsfeeeAep/3sYJG3HJ7GH9nJoOV8WZPqdPP9Ja0I/gGqv8/iIPD5gmaH7GwV3BJGT52cYJ4BB561Hs2PmPE7u7u7x4zeCU+SfJQSDChlByuG75K5GCecHjGZreZIoFvbG4Rj92S3lYw7uP7ybNx4/HGa9hPwCnZog3izEcRJSNNO2hcnPA83A5A7dh7Yav7PFuokH/AAkCFX7GwIx+Uoq+W2wrnttFFFWSeYfHfVtR0bwJa3GmX11ZTvqCRmW2maNipjkOMqQcZA/KvnQeOvF//Q1a5/4MJf8A4qvf/wBoj/kntmB1/tOP/wBFS18xJjcN2duRnFJj6G9/wnXi/wD6GrXP/BhL/wDFUjeOvF/H/FVa5/4MJf8A4qsJsbm2525OM009RSGjof8AhOfF2P8Akatc/wDBhL/8VT4vHHi4tg+Kdb/8GEv/AMVXO0qkq3BwaCjqH8b+LPMwPFGtcf8AT/L/APFVA3jnxd5hx4p1vH/YQl/+KrC88liSOTTCckmkDOotfGvi1uW8Ua0frfy//FV9nV8LWwCwF8j0xmvumqRDCiiimIKKjllSJMs6r9TXHeKPF+o6Pq2nWmn2MM8Fykkss0jMDEI8F/lOOzLjJGSwHHGSwHa0lYur+IodH0y5v54ZmitkLyKoG7A6/wBM+n6V57rvxmtbfSft2mmKdHQNEPPjjLHOCMMd/wD4775pNAesyyxwrukkVF7ljgVy+pfEfwppF2tteaxEJi2wpGrOVPuFBIHv0rxrRdT1f4oXk1veeITYRqM+VCGVdgBJZn5zwD8ucHHbqNHxP4L8I+HfCF1YaW7XWuzqoiu5SS3yupby1XjHGMgcBuWx1Bnt2tSyRWaNG7IxkAypx2NYC3d2MD7XMQOpMhrd10Zso/8ArqP5GuOleY6pHbxuYo2jJLAjG7jjnqcZ4FbR2O/DRUoal0ancySvAl5MZEBDjzDkZ6fzH5VR1/Vr6y0m7lS8nXy4WKt55UlsYxnPHPT3rM2Sx6zI9vARIPmwZMqq7eOegyc/p14FVNQ1CK50bUotTjMkQtnkfauMKq549cdiM4PfNNNJo7ZYdct10PNpvGXiO20/Y2v6s06qxd/tshw+7kZDdgoH/Aq9T8G6nrEul3Md5qV1cNHOYopmnZiwVI1Jzn+9u/HPvXP+GPD+nWumWmtarKkdxJGG2tthQLkbQTwW6L1JHPTueui1zQxsih1OxG1dqIlxHxjoAM9Pp+VXJHJGMY6yRF4v16903wubqK+ukmlkjVCkrAglwx79Nu78q4jXPEXiKKH7KNY1GKe1EKyOl24Lny2GOD1yMn6itXXvEGlyPDdXFws0BTNlZYba5/56PtPflQGyu3cTntyETXPirWI7m3huFE12rZVSUVcYY7uTwAOvPPWtIpKLuVDlvsey6Tdaj/ZVmZ724kl8tfMYyHJOPr9a6vW8nTigkkjEh2Fo5CjAEEcEEEH6c+nNcjK5trKR0j3si/KoJyfyBP5An2PSuv1n/j0T/roP5Gud2ukc+MVrNeZxWla1e6fqh0LVb2drhy0lrO8pIuEz79GHcDIGeMAqo6IXVwf+W8v/AH0aytZ0dNZ08Qecbe4jdZba5UAtBKPusM9epBHcEjvUGha0+o20tvdLFFq1o/lXcCtwG7OuedjdVJ+nBBqtDhN77RcY/wBfJ/32aPtM/wDz3k/77NVQW3gO5Vc8dCT169vT39advUsdrA45xnPWiwyY3dxjiaU/8CNNa+mjyzXDLH6mQk/lTCM46c1Tnkjhzt/eSKOFGBzjPXoMgfmaVgNQXM5GRPIR6hzinC4nHJnkx6ljXPaLqEz6hd2NwEA/11sV6Mn3WXoOVO0nk8v1IxjI+J2qHS/CkbC6uLXzrpYvNt5vKYfI7Y3YPB2+lJger0UUVkM8j/aK/wCSf2H/AGFY/wD0VLXiOj/DHxdrthBfWGlF7SZd0cjzRpvGcZAZgf0r6Y+JGg23iHQ7K0uoWliS9Eu0MQAfLkAJwQT97+WeM1m6FapodglnIrC3DFUEbEBB2B5HToMdhnvUSlYasfOWs/DrxXoFs1xqOkSJCuS0kbrKFABJJ2EkDAPJ4/SuYI59+/tX2fex2txat9njknkJyg8w4Q9jyenHoa+ZvFnw9vdCle4sg91YEEpJwSMZyCB6DOeBgAngCpjIq3U4kYzzSnAPymnxW8s8yQwxSSSvwqINxb6AVtad4Q1rU1aSOyeOJc5aU7cH06Z/SrdhGDRX0Svwh8HXWi26i11KKcIN9zBKWZzjqVIYDPsvFeZ+PfhvN4SRr20uTcWDSbVEibZIwckBuxwByeD7VKkmUjgq++K+B/8APFffFWiZCHpWde6gI5BDEw8zq3PQVot0x6mvKPFPiOHRfFz2F1df2fdMDJbS3PMF5E5zglQfLZW3LkjkDP8AEKqO5D2OgTWpofFjadfTWojuEBs1Dnz2YAlsjpjg8nb0xWB8Vb8WPh+HULUyC6jkWINEWyqsyucgEAqTEoweeevY07uS8utRtLw2ubmNSqSwMjhlYdAQSSOfbvxVO81O9t8/abS9RR1dgkaj1OZHUelacqJcr7I7jTtah/sOw3qIZBbR7oghTYdoyNp5XHPB5+tY9y3hq1me9Ol6ek5JZpltk3EnrzjOTWFpcV9rEYlgityjAuhS5+0MwBwRtiG3Oev7ytbVfDX9kabZ6gbh5dRluIIbaRod0UDSyKgYplR/Fj+JhuGDgGjRE3kZdromnXev2thZaRBb62y3F8PLYRG2jJVAXK8ncGyMgkZIwO/oPh/wRpeiyfaHT7XfcZuZxubjGOpPIwOSSfp0rH8KXzv8UfFenXEiEW9rZiyQRgYi2sz4IHI3vk5JPI9K9A71m9zRGXr/APx4J/11H8jXC63eG0WLa5RXJyBnc2OcDj0BrutfGdPUf9NB/I1yl3YW16U86LzPLIIxkfy6j2PHtWkNj1cFJRjqefR+JLiHUWll2KCPKYW2IpCBjOPU9D7/AJCumimjvNHSXR5I5WONzn7/AD1zg59Bjjp19eI1iy8jUr6BAUiDs27ajKf4gPmXOcEcZ6+3NUtB1u60jXjOimW1lx5iKn8HHOMZz6nnoeTiuudK6TR6NV8rTS0LGt3lzpmpRsEFxdNklZI12uQcBuB1zk47YyTS3niTVJraJjOLe1uXBKxYQSDp8uDvHzAg9/QnNehzWmn6mtrd3ENpd25woMyK+S2MFcg87toxx174ArN8R+Gf7WlTyYcJDGreWMojcMAAR6cZBAGB15NSptaM5qnvyd9jlby58zRLjVIIk8xJXF0sJ8sx4XAbIAC5YZwODvI68i14Yu2XWomtWP2edFjAePO7ggk4xj2HI4Iye+r4S8OzRW99HeFZIZwVkXafnY43EqRg45B7c47YGhF4Vt9Ib7TZmeVUlDsu0SMy98EYJ+Yb/rnrnBUp30IpQUNGdRkDGAR/Dnt7j/Pr2rf8Si9/s1GsPs5lWUEpPuCuNp43DO05xzhuh45yMCM+YoOTgqCN/DY7ZBxjr3FP+KXixfB3hD+0RAZp5JhBbrxtEhRyC3IO0bTnHP8AOueWjRxYvoZU3iy306ZLfW4ZNKdvl86U74WJz92VflUHB5k2njgVyHiKz/4RnU7fxX4fFvJp1w+JsvtTcxwSH7I5xgngPtbIV3B5fw/8Wora3Eeu6fJczSlFe8YhmeMEh8gj6gAZHzHpyTYvfFngN7V5dE/tPS7y5wj28KJHC42sB50ZJiZDkE5DcfjQ2cVj1mwvodTsIr2BCYpE4Zm2lPmO4N02kN1HOCCCOCKSbXLW2uWtERp51O0pEFAGMZy2cDG7ocHg4z38Y0fxF/ZUE8E8SXFhKiO0+l3DR79gxJJ5TdXxs3KCnyjdgqWNemeG/EvhHVYre3sryGGbC+Xbzx+XJyueA33u/IznPX1Exm1crLeRAzSTJFj544AcEEY4wN5wSeVK/lUN3I8AVlQeWpBbC5w2Qeg4HJ654PuasrbXuplit41pZE/u/IVWkmI4LbmBAU4IwASQAc9qo65pV1pOmTalpF5IZLOJpXtbgh0mRQSVBxuRsZ2kEDPUYPDAz0k+x+IdH1A3zOksjW2TtKmN1AUKV45kER+hqL4vwTP4Mgmt22yW19FMpyBjhkzz7vVPWbme38PwalCkc8izRXotwNgIV93GeAFxyw9M85q78Sdc0y4+H84inhn+2GNooySpYCQNnb1wCBn0B96TYmew0UUVkM5fxxaR32nafbSxtJFJfIGAI4+V/m59Dg/h0PSsm4tNSvI7uMW0EkDgYeQMuR2G056c9hzjrkYtfE2/TT/DtrJIyqr3gQlmAA/dyHv16YxXIaXrcV1YmOQXSwwnCLaO8PHOMFWTOcdB6j8c5XuZyim3c7G2iurbTFsElBuzku8EfCDOcbTkL1wAfqM4OMXW47fTdAmubi7Q5LSO6naFcA9BnAAKtkDPT2NXDZ28awusmoMwIPzXs+AO+75zn0x6n8a8l+JnisTzy6TZr5bFh9pdQFY7eAGI6nv+WOME5O7djWMEtibwQLDXG1eOwVLd5Loyyog/ePH8pB5HCkg/LyAfqM99Y2EOnXiLFaQJF5ZlmnlwJFjAPDd8fKOSAMHp1NeA+HLma01hfJd1aQEDaSDwQeMEYPccjmvfNLu7tT9slaGeeSAQGRnMbqN5Y4YZXA3cDZk4GWNXbUmatsaSatDBEk1hcW6W7sys24KQcklgpyCSc5475yc1B4x0KLxHoDx37SzxqgIijC8OP+Wg4zuAJ7kcHIPNXHGlC1Mh0uWAxyjLyQCYyjOSwEZZu/cDHoASafNDbaktndSBU8gq6RbJFZCMHjcFI/75HAGRSdkEOdK71PmzxR4Kv/DYFxkT2jEYmUYKk/3h/Ijg+2cD7QYkLkV85/EjxDp9tFe2QjEjTRPGtuQdxJB/ecjG1eCCM8gY7lfo2tIO6Kfoc14zv9dsNE87QrBryXePNEeDIseCSyKfvHIXjuCcc188+LLC81UL4hvbTUoLeEiOW9mt2kLENt5GcDDHHzMuQRgHGK+q8Vz3jnRP+Ei8D6zpSwedLPav5Me7bmVRuj5/3wv9eKsRi/CWeS7+H2nT+but/wB4kCfKSqK5XDEAZOVY5wOG9s1T+Nek/wBo/DPUXWNpJbRkukUdtrAMT/wAtWJ+zvqX2jwZf6e8xeS0vWIQnOxHVSPzYPXpviLThq3h/UNNLiMXdtJb7yPu71K5/WmB5f8AAHUPtXg2aBwP9FvXVBnOAwDZ/NmrtPiCCvg/ULiM4ktEF7H7tCwlUfmn6145+z9fCDVtXsHcq7pHIqHttJDcf8CWvbfFN3p9t4fu5dUliisREyTtI3GDwR6nOcYHcjHNMk5q2Bt/jrBcmP5L3QXhDqOrLMrEn8No/KvSwa8w+Gt43ia/t9VBMkWk6eNOknYAie5cRPLtOc4TYozj5vM4JAyfUKTGjL14ZsY+QP3o6/Q1zTj5TzkHt2NdLr3/AB4p/wBdR/I1zLyIhClhvOSBnritYao9LDfwzkvGdlaRwjUWnkhuNyhShAU+hPQ9AwznuK8+LwOWieaVDIMkbAAxxgncecHjB579a7zxsGVLWQFljG8bjlQpOOT/AJ7etef2Gny6nq8EceEiY/PgHk7sHnGcYPfsG6fdrtpv3LnqrSkjXtfFGoaLFBpiMbjyZDLJtxu2AH5eRxzznHPODmtM/Ea5WKZoNMWOKNW/10j79/Ixkj5jwPzFZN7CkFtfl1ZfL1Bba1wMBUUYyOOOGBJHXOcZrNMUF+qSmNfOQ7g/que/vwfxHTmmoRkrmcI8+q3Oy0L4gWTL5dzbSRAMS8hJbGSfr/PvXbWd9bahAs9tOs0YOQynp9eBzXjTWJR/MVzkHryrHnoTnP8AXoDnrXZeDtIvor5L4CNLR927gAvxjkD3GaidJJXuXPDpRbkzvc7hkEFawvj9PDbeBbCSe2WdP7UjGxiR/wAspeRjv9c1vDPBCj65rS8caHpGv6LDba3AJrWK4EwUysgDBWGcqQTwTxXHNao8bF9D4/0/SdZ8T38i2FlPdzMxaRkHCk/3mPA/E16jo/wIklt1l1nVDFMT80NsA23npuPX8vzr1jTFW2iaC0iggsI8JbxRQ7BGBkNnnB+YHsO/Xqbckvl7eHeRh97aCPbP48fjQo3OK9tWeP3fwetbO8jbSdYuIpIvmHmqku49sLxwSGBDZ69+lZeqeHtZ03SotNt0SdhIW/sy6iSRIQwyfKZslQcMQQ2cCQdY2ZvX7N1jjScQRxLKzgSGQSFsO2MHJyDkkc8cjA4zj+LmtZtNMk0gh1OIbrdy20kjDbC3TnaCOu0gMAStDjbyGmnsZfhW/sNP0+0lbxFd6RPHEDdWOqA+QZMbfkMmBtypwEfnGOMGtmL4keHdQnutN/tC0aXDIrJIWRwSFUcqCzNk8KGAxye9ZCXsupaZBqV2vlo+IJHkwMMHG5dpB2E45X2GGYfPXP65oHhlFg+22tujSMdrIrgYwAR8uDgfLjr9Bmleyuyo05TklFXZ1OrI0c0MV1ArBsCJUQHzAcK3GOQBzxjIAOARzx7aFYadqj6nq8BueNzWx5UdwScHcGI7YGCwyQeKuiXkNlObHTr3UfsfSO0ursLFMCeRgjbGeQevOCOMim6vf2Omlr3XZVvtTV3UadD/AKuMbQcOTjaBkr/e4xwBUKalszavhatB8tRWPqOiiikc55P+0FuHgKxZc5GpxnIHT91LXmngvXdO+yrb3euXlhOsexi8RmQMCcFdpyvbquOOp616b+0AwXwHY7gCDqcYOf8ArlL7GvnRJ0+VW3bV+6vp+tRJ9DWNJTR6T4m8eyWFu1to+ry3kzN81y8GxFXGPlVmZs9PQDPfIx5rJM9xI0szs7sdzM5yST1NWw1pK67ygwMYAx/UfzqaPTraZWeK4jLKCRGu8n9Aw/Ws9DRUrbGarGORZY22yIQyt6H1r0DSPGVyLaOSS2MaE4WcFiokB+6oBwcnB7da5aTw1crDGUeOaSXiKOCWKVifQhX3A/8AAas2kuveErhljE1tLKmJIXiIBGO4lXafyNUmRUpOSPYNJ8R2wtgPtFuIwoOIgz87iDjuT/s4yOCQMjNDxh49t9JtHitXjmupAQiK2SPdvTnt/Pt5prPi2+1S3Ft9jsoCq5Z7O2QO3QklxkqT324HtXMiJ2RmIPy9flP6fpQ9TOFLl3Kmp3d3fXst3dyvLLMdzOec/wD6q+7q+Fbk+WgKEkj7wP8AhX3VWiE9wpG6UtFMR5lq/h3WfB3iS/8AFnhOzW+hv1LalpIba0jjJEsTd2yT8uCTuOOSNuPqfx6sbOOa2fw3q66nEQslrMFRUPcFwWI7/wAPavZcCk2r6D8qAPjHTtf1s+M7zU/DkAs7+9kk22tvH5hIZtxVVYNzkDt9B2rv7H4Z+OvH95Fd+KtQns7HO/bdMfMUHdwkIwEOVGeF4OeelfR+AOwpcU7isZmg6JZeHdGtdI06Py7W1j2ICck85LE+pJJPuTWnRgelFIZl69/x4p1/1g6A+hryHV764uNZnR4zmM/6NIDgxtjpxjjcpzn1HX+H1TxddrZaMsrFf9aAAzYBOD35/kfpXi80bCSa5SNnSWVpPmUOG3ElhwAcEcbuCS2M4ANduHVo8zPYy+F4XsdZfu2rWlvYLGBcXOCXK5WIAKWI6E8MB269RTNJ8N2WhyGVnWSXhY5GULtHXjOeevP1985dxr81hYJHgyTxAoJTE+OABuyAQSck4yOCcmsieRnAnuIZ7sEkmQy8J0H/ACz6DIJ5P41UYykmnsdjhPlcVsP8fmWS9APEMaKQwwQwJ6n06tz7VQ0HR5bnUreJIMIrjcE5CoAMknsfkwD7V2mo6LZ3K6RaTqd7koOrF41UsQTycenPetzTdHtNMRktIBEGO5myWJxzyTzx2Huap1FGIvaQhG63GQaNp9tc/aYbWOOVh1UcfgOgPHUetaC4QYAx6c1Xur61so91zcxQBuQCwGecfjz/ACpljqVrfxmazuY51xyUbP49sD8KwtJ6s5m5PVlxR/eA/Cug8QyxRWMQlmji3yhFMjABmIOAPf6Z+lYBboQAfp0p3xQ0u71bwbNDZLA06M0ipNAsu/EbjaoYHDHOARzWUt1Y4MX0sc5NqFsmqvaWWp2xm3nzmmuP3lsxKqsQTqCWyRnuQDneM8P4g1e7u7uS2nmkMVvIy4ZslmBI3HAAz16YGOgxXk41ONngeS2XfGMNIAOSDkNjoGPQnkH0zzWtD4u8s+XLbKYhgII2I8tMcLg8nAAHXPuetehl2Io0qjlVR5WKp1JxSgzv9I1n+x2upnl2RNbu2TjG5VLJweM5AH0Y+tQWya34wmlu7aMtZrKUaeVtiODjrkkgAxg7FzkN2H3vPtR8Ry6jGLaOIRRscsWPLY/kM8/1r0r4c+KLV7EaRcSwwXCtutyZMefk/j83I4z/ACrzuIMeoxdXDxvb+r2NsvoSUeSoyWLR/FOgW+o3cd1p7wShZJ7bLFcpgiRdwHzDABBwrDg9qyNYxq1vFcaZbTSW8ckpeQDhjlc4P8XzbuRx6Y5r02WeBdkEhVvNyioFLZ45yOSAB1JwAO4ry/X/ABbaG6FzaXymCB8W0UOAFOBluOg/qB2zXgZTja+NhKFZW63tp6HrKawlWNWGtjn8Yx3z0/p+tMvda2M5PlzXqbUE7FTsUKABuIPYgcYK7Md8DD1K/S8uWk86fbIxyg4Gf8n/ADmqCRyXc6W9uju7thIlG4sx6AAdycCvWpUOR7nTmearFw5IxskfeVFFFaniHJ/EHwWfHWgwaYNR+weVdLceZ5AlzhXXbjcP7+c57V5v/wAM5jv4pH4adj/2rXulFKyGpNbHhf8AwzkgbK+KSPrYZ/8AalPH7O5Gf+Kq/wDKf/8AbK9xopciK9pJdTxUfAKdYREPF8gQHIUWOAD9PMp6fAe6ifdF4uMZ9U04KfzEma9noo5EP2s+54u3wEkdiX8UK5bqX0/cT+JlNMP7PqkHHiXBPcWPP/oyva6KOVB7SXc8Nl/Z181Cp8Vde50/JH/kWvcqKKaViG7hRRRTEFFFFABRRRQAUUUUAZHiHQk8QWEVq8oj8uUSglN4yAR0yP71ctD8MQl59ol1ffxtKLahQFwRgDccda9AorRVZqPKnodFPFVqceWDsvkeen4WW/niZdQVJByHW2+bOAOfm5HGMVai+G9vb3a3UN9sk2bGTyMxt6kjdn1713FFNVppWuU8bXe8vyOXfwpdmEGPVIkuQxxKLTIK7cYK789cHqKoX3gnWLuxlhi8SrazShVaSKyOABvztBk+UncvIOfl9+O3orOUnJ3ZH1mr3POL74VyXhtydefMMXlBnhcscksTlZF/iZj6Y2jtk6WgfD1NCinA1WW5lm275JIlHTOMYPuepNdrRWjrTatcPrNW1rmJ/wAI/wDNk3Of+2f/ANetG+s/tsCx+Zsw27OM54Ix+tWqKzcmzOdSU/iPG/FPwBtPEGuTalaa5/Z/n/PLELPzAXPVh864z/PmsX/hmf8A6m7/AMpv/wBtr36ii7IPAR+zOR08Xf8AlN/+21Mn7OEsUiyx+MWWZSGWQaedykdCD5vB4Fe8UUnqFzx7UvgnqWqMZJ/FtuJnh8mWZdGQSSDuS3mZBI4JGMjg1hn9mjJz/wAJdz/2Df8A7bXvtFKKUVZDbbPAh+zRg5/4S7P103/7bXceDvhBpHhBRPHP9r1HnN3LDgrkYwgydoxnuTyeccV6LRVXEFFFFIAttCQAsiQotwsxujAwSy0JzgD/2QoK'img_data = base64.b64decode(url) 返回的是二进制数据print(type(img_data))fn = open('code.png','wb')fn.write(img_data)fn.close()'''我们打开了一个有base64加密的图片数据''' 本篇文章为转载内容。原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/httpsssss/article/details/116136614。 该文由互联网用户投稿提供，文中观点代表作者本人意见，并不代表本站的立场。 作为信息平台，本站仅提供文章转载服务，并不拥有其所有权，也不对文章内容的真实性、准确性和合法性承担责任。 如发现本文存在侵权、违法、违规或事实不符的情况，请及时联系我们，我们将第一时间进行核实并删除相应内容。