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...ws或macOS)的系统上运行MySQL，则不应将该变量设置为0。 Value = 1: Table names are stored in lowercase on disk and name comparisons are not case-sensitive. MySQL converts all table names to lowercase on storage and lookup. This behavior also applies to database names and table aliases. 表名以小写存储在磁盘上，并且名称比较不区分大小写。MySQL在存储和查找时将所有表名转换为小写。此行为也适用于数据库名称和表别名。 Value = 3, Table and database names are stored on disk using the lettercase specified in the CREATE TABLE or CREATE DATABASE statement, but MySQL converts them to lowercase on lookup. Name comparisons are not case sensitive. This works only on file systems that are not case-sensitive! InnoDB table names and view names are stored in lowercase, as for Value = 1.表名和数据库名使用CREATE Table或CREATE database语句中指定的lettercase存储在磁盘上，但是MySQL在查找时将它们转换为小写。名称比较不区分大小写。这只适用于不区分大小写的文件系统!InnoDB表名和视图名以小写存储，Value = 1。 NOTE: lower_case_table_names can only be configured when initializing the server. Changing the lower_case_table_names setting after the server is initialized is prohibited. lower_case_table_names=1 Secure File Priv. 权限安全文件 secure-file-priv="C:/ProgramData/MySQL/MySQL Server 8.0/Uploads" The maximum amount of concurrent sessions the MySQL server will allow. One of these connections will be reserved for a user with SUPER privileges to allow the administrator to login even if the connection limit has been reached. MySQL服务器允许的最大并发会话量。这些连接中的一个将保留给具有超级特权的用户，以便允许管理员登录，即使已经达到连接限制。 max_connections=151 The number of open tables for all threads. Increasing this value increases the number of file descriptors that mysqld requires. Therefore you have to make sure to set the amount of open files allowed to at least 4096 in the variable "open-files-limit" in 为所有线程打开的表的数量。增加这个值会增加mysqld需要的文件描述符的数量。因此，您必须确保在[mysqld_safe]节中的变量“open-files-limit”中将允许打开的文件数量至少设置为4096 section [mysqld_safe] table_open_cache=2000 Maximum size for internal (in-memory) temporary tables. If a table grows larger than this value, it is automatically converted to disk based table This limitation is for a single table. There can be many of them. 内部(内存)临时表的最大大小。如果一个表比这个值大，那么它将自动转换为基于磁盘的表。可以有很多。 tmp_table_size=94M How many threads we should keep in a cache for reuse. When a client disconnects, the client's threads are put in the cache if there aren't more than thread_cache_size threads from before. This greatly reduces the amount of thread creations needed if you have a lot of new connections. (Normally this doesn't give a notable performance improvement if you have a good thread implementation.) 我们应该在缓存中保留多少线程以供重用。当客户机断开连接时，如果之前的线程数不超过thread_cache_size，则将客户机的线程放入缓存。如果您有很多新连接，这将大大减少所需的线程创建量(通常，如果您有一个良好的线程实现，这不会带来显著的性能改进)。 thread_cache_size=10 MyISAM Specific options The maximum size of the temporary file MySQL is allowed to use while recreating the index (during REPAIR, ALTER TABLE or LOAD DATA INFILE. If the file-size would be bigger than this, the index will be created through the key cache (which is slower). MySQL允许在重新创建索引时(在修复、修改表或加载数据时)使用临时文件的最大大小。如果文件大小大于这个值，那么索引将通过键缓存创建(这比较慢)。 myisam_max_sort_file_size=100G If the temporary file used for fast index creation would be bigger than using the key cache by the amount specified here, then prefer the key cache method. This is mainly used to force long character keys in large tables to use the slower key cache method to create the index. myisam_sort_buffer_size=179M Size of the Key Buffer, used to cache index blocks for MyISAM tables. Do not set it larger than 30% of your available memory, as some memory is also required by the OS to cache rows. Even if you're not using MyISAM tables, you should still set it to 8-64M as it will also be used for internal temporary disk tables. 如果用于快速创建索引的临时文件比这里指定的使用键缓存的文件大，则首选键缓存方法。这主要用于强制大型表中的长字符键使用较慢的键缓存方法来创建索引。 key_buffer_size=8M Size of the buffer used for doing full table scans of MyISAM tables. Allocated per thread, if a full scan is needed. 用于对MyISAM表执行全表扫描的缓冲区的大小。如果需要完整的扫描，则为每个线程分配。 read_buffer_size=256K read_rnd_buffer_size=512K INNODB Specific options INNODB特定选项 innodb_data_home_dir= Use this option if you have a MySQL server with InnoDB support enabled but you do not plan to use it. This will save memory and disk space and speed up some things. 如果您启用了一个支持InnoDB的MySQL服务器，但是您不打算使用它，那么可以使用这个选项。这将节省内存和磁盘空间，并加快一些事情。skip-innodb skip-innodb If set to 1, InnoDB will flush (fsync) the transaction logs to the disk at each commit, which offers full ACID behavior. If you are willing to compromise this safety, and you are running small transactions, you may set this to 0 or 2 to reduce disk I/O to the logs. Value 0 means that the log is only written to the log file and the log file flushed to disk approximately once per second. Value 2 means the log is written to the log file at each commit, but the log file is only flushed to disk approximately once per second. 如果设置为1,InnoDB将在每次提交时将事务日志刷新(fsync)到磁盘，这将提供完整的ACID行为。如果您愿意牺牲这种安全性，并且正在运行小型事务，您可以将其设置为0或2，以将磁盘I/O减少到日志。值0表示日志仅写入日志文件，日志文件大约每秒刷新一次磁盘。值2表示日志在每次提交时写入日志文件，但是日志文件大约每秒只刷新一次磁盘。 innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1 The size of the buffer InnoDB uses for buffering log data. As soon as it is full, InnoDB will have to flush it to disk. As it is flushed once per second anyway, it does not make sense to have it very large (even with long transactions).InnoDB用于缓冲日志数据的缓冲区大小。一旦它满了，InnoDB就必须将它刷新到磁盘。由于它无论如何每秒刷新一次，所以将它设置为非常大的值是没有意义的(即使是长事务)。 innodb_log_buffer_size=5M InnoDB, unlike MyISAM, uses a buffer pool to cache both indexes and row data. The bigger you set this the less disk I/O is needed to access data in tables. On a dedicated database server you may set this parameter up to 80% of the machine physical memory size. Do not set it too large, though, because competition of the physical memory may cause paging in the operating system. Note that on 32bit systems you might be limited to 2-3.5G of user level memory per process, so do not set it too high. 与MyISAM不同，InnoDB使用缓冲池来缓存索引和行数据。设置的值越大，访问表中的数据所需的磁盘I/O就越少。在专用数据库服务器上，可以将该参数设置为机器物理内存大小的80%。但是，不要将它设置得太大，因为物理内存的竞争可能会导致操作系统中的分页。注意，在32位系统上，每个进程的用户级内存可能被限制在2-3.5G，所以不要设置得太高。 innodb_buffer_pool_size=20M Size of each log file in a log group. You should set the combined size of log files to about 25%-100% of your buffer pool size to avoid unneeded buffer pool flush activity on log file overwrite. However, note that a larger logfile size will increase the time needed for the recovery process. 日志组中每个日志文件的大小。您应该将日志文件的合并大小设置为缓冲池大小的25%-100%，以避免在覆盖日志文件时出现不必要的缓冲池刷新活动。但是，请注意，较大的日志文件大小将增加恢复过程所需的时间。 innodb_log_file_size=48M Number of threads allowed inside the InnoDB kernel. The optimal value depends highly on the application, hardware as well as the OS scheduler properties. A too high value may lead to thread thrashing. InnoDB内核中允许的线程数。最优值在很大程度上取决于应用程序、硬件以及OS调度程序属性。过高的值可能导致线程抖动。 innodb_thread_concurrency=9 The increment size (in MB) for extending the size of an auto-extend InnoDB system tablespace file when it becomes full. 增量大小(以MB为单位)，用于在表空间满时扩展自动扩展的InnoDB系统表空间文件的大小。 innodb_autoextend_increment=128 The number of regions that the InnoDB buffer pool is divided into. For systems with buffer pools in the multi-gigabyte range, dividing the buffer pool into separate instances can improve concurrency, by reducing contention as different threads read and write to cached pages. InnoDB缓冲池划分的区域数。对于具有多gb缓冲池的系统，将缓冲池划分为单独的实例可以提高并发性，因为不同的线程对缓存页面的读写会减少争用。 innodb_buffer_pool_instances=8 Determines the number of threads that can enter InnoDB concurrently. 确定可以同时进入InnoDB的线程数 innodb_concurrency_tickets=5000 Specifies how long in milliseconds (ms) a block inserted into the old sublist must stay there after its first access before it can be moved to the new sublist. 指定插入到旧子列表中的块必须在第一次访问之后停留多长时间(毫秒)，然后才能移动到新子列表。 innodb_old_blocks_time=1000 It specifies the maximum number of .ibd files that MySQL can keep open at one time. The minimum value is 10. 它指定MySQL一次可以打开的.ibd文件的最大数量。最小值是10。 innodb_open_files=300 When this variable is enabled, InnoDB updates statistics during metadata statements. 当启用此变量时，InnoDB会在元数据语句期间更新统计信息。 innodb_stats_on_metadata=0 When innodb_file_per_table is enabled (the default in 5.6.6 and higher), InnoDB stores the data and indexes for each newly created table in a separate .ibd file, rather than in the system tablespace. 当启用innodb_file_per_table(5.6.6或更高版本的默认值)时，InnoDB将每个新创建的表的数据和索引存储在单独的.ibd文件中，而不是系统表空间中。 innodb_file_per_table=1 Use the following list of values: 0 for crc32, 1 for strict_crc32, 2 for innodb, 3 for strict_innodb, 4 for none, 5 for strict_none. 使用以下值列表:0表示crc32, 1表示strict_crc32, 2表示innodb, 3表示strict_innodb, 4表示none, 5表示strict_none。 innodb_checksum_algorithm=0 The number of outstanding connection requests MySQL can have. This option is useful when the main MySQL thread gets many connection requests in a very short time. It then takes some time (although very little) for the main thread to check the connection and start a new thread. The back_log value indicates how many requests can be stacked during this short time before MySQL momentarily stops answering new requests. You need to increase this only if you expect a large number of connections in a short period of time. MySQL可以有多少未完成连接请求。当MySQL主线程在很短的时间内收到许多连接请求时，这个选项非常有用。然后，主线程需要一些时间(尽管很少)来检查连接并启动一个新线程。back_log值表示在MySQL暂时停止响应新请求之前的短时间内可以堆多少个请求。只有当您预期在短时间内会有大量连接时，才需要增加这个值。 back_log=80 If this is set to a nonzero value, all tables are closed every flush_time seconds to free up resources and synchronize unflushed data to disk. This option is best used only on systems with minimal resources. 如果将该值设置为非零值，则每隔flush_time秒关闭所有表，以释放资源并将未刷新的数据同步到磁盘。这个选项最好只在资源最少的系统上使用。 flush_time=0 The minimum size of the buffer that is used for plain index scans, range index scans, and joins that do not use 用于普通索引扫描、范围索引扫描和不使用索引执行全表扫描的连接的缓冲区的最小大小。 indexes and thus perform full table scans. join_buffer_size=200M The maximum size of one packet or any generated or intermediate string, or any parameter sent by the mysql_stmt_send_long_data() C API function. 由mysql_stmt_send_long_data() C API函数发送的一个包或任何生成的或中间字符串或任何参数的最大大小 max_allowed_packet=500M If more than this many successive connection requests from a host are interrupted without a successful connection, the server blocks that host from performing further connections. 如果在没有成功连接的情况下中断了来自主机的多个连续连接请求，则服务器将阻止主机执行进一步的连接。 max_connect_errors=100 Changes the number of file descriptors available to mysqld. You should try increasing the value of this option if mysqld gives you the error "Too many open files". 更改mysqld可用的文件描述符的数量。如果mysqld给您的错误是“打开的文件太多”，您应该尝试增加这个选项的值。 open_files_limit=4161 If you see many sort_merge_passes per second in SHOW GLOBAL STATUS output, you can consider increasing the sort_buffer_size value to speed up ORDER BY or GROUP BY operations that cannot be improved with query optimization or improved indexing. 如果在SHOW GLOBAL STATUS输出中每秒看到许多sort_merge_passes，可以考虑增加sort_buffer_size值，以加快ORDER BY或GROUP BY操作的速度，这些操作无法通过查询优化或改进索引来改进。 sort_buffer_size=1M The number of table definitions (from .frm files) that can be stored in the definition cache. If you use a large number of tables, you can create a large table definition cache to speed up opening of tables. The table definition cache takes less space and does not use file descriptors, unlike the normal table cache. The minimum and default values are both 400. 可以存储在定义缓存中的表定义的数量(来自.frm文件)。如果使用大量表，可以创建一个大型表定义缓存来加速表的打开。与普通的表缓存不同，表定义缓存占用更少的空间，并且不使用文件描述符。最小值和默认值都是400。 table_definition_cache=1400 Specify the maximum size of a row-based binary log event, in bytes. Rows are grouped into events smaller than this size if possible. The value should be a multiple of 256. 指定基于行的二进制日志事件的最大大小，单位为字节。如果可能，将行分组为小于此大小的事件。这个值应该是256的倍数。 binlog_row_event_max_size=8K If the value of this variable is greater than 0, a replication slave synchronizes its master.info file to disk. (using fdatasync()) after every sync_master_info events. 如果该变量的值大于0，则复制奴隶将其主.info文件同步到磁盘。(在每个sync_master_info事件之后使用fdatasync())。 sync_master_info=10000 If the value of this variable is greater than 0, the MySQL server synchronizes its relay log to disk. (using fdatasync()) after every sync_relay_log writes to the relay log. 如果这个变量的值大于0,MySQL服务器将其中继日志同步到磁盘。(在每个sync_relay_log写入到中继日志之后使用fdatasync())。 sync_relay_log=10000 If the value of this variable is greater than 0, a replication slave synchronizes its relay-log.info file to disk. (using fdatasync()) after every sync_relay_log_info transactions. 如果该变量的值大于0，则复制奴隶将其中继日志.info文件同步到磁盘。(在每个sync_relay_log_info事务之后使用fdatasync())。 sync_relay_log_info=10000 Load mysql plugins at start."plugin_x ; plugin_y". 开始时加载mysql插件。“plugin_x;plugin_y” plugin_load The TCP/IP Port the MySQL Server X Protocol will listen on. MySQL服务器X协议将监听TCP/IP端口。 loose_mysqlx_port=33060 本篇文章为转载内容。原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/mywpython/article/details/89499852。 该文由互联网用户投稿提供，文中观点代表作者本人意见，并不代表本站的立场。 作为信息平台，本站仅提供文章转载服务，并不拥有其所有权，也不对文章内容的真实性、准确性和合法性承担责任。 如发现本文存在侵权、违法、违规或事实不符的情况，请及时联系我们，我们将第一时间进行核实并删除相应内容。

...该超声雾化-LIBS系统的适用性，相关实验装置如图 10、图 11所示[15]。 图 10 用于金属气溶胶分析的LIBS实验装置图[15] M：532 nm反射镜，L：聚焦准直透镜，W：石英，P：泵浦，BD：光束转储 　 图 11 样品导入部分结构图[15] (A)与薄膜干燥器相连的USN颗粒发生器去溶装置(加热器和冷凝器)；(B)与5个武装聚四氟乙烯等离子电池相连的薄膜干燥器。G：进气口，DU：脱溶装置，W：废料，MD：薄膜干燥机，L：激光束方向，C：样品池，M：反射镜，F.L.：聚焦透镜 　 　 　 4. 总结与展望   本文简要介绍了LIBS和LIBS-LIF的原理，并对LIBS-LIF在环境监测中的土壤监测和水质检测做了简要的介绍和分类。   LIBS-LIF在土壤监测的技术已经逐渐成熟，基本实现了土壤的快速检测，同时也有相关便携式设备的研究正在进行。对于水质监测方面，使用LIBS-LIF检测往往集中在液固转换法的使用上，对于气体和液体直接检测，由于部分实验装置的限制，联用LIF技术往往比较困难，只能使用传统的LIBS技术。   LIBS-LIF技术快速检测、不需要样品预处理或只需要简单处理、可以实现就地检测等优势与传统实验室检测相比有着独到的优势，虽然目前由于技术限制精度还不够高，但是在当前该领域的火热研究趋势下，相信未来该技术必定可以大放异彩，为绿色中国奉献光学领域的智慧。 　 　 　 参考文献 [1] Hu B, Jia X, Hu J, et al.Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution and Health Risks in the Soil-Plant-Human System in the Yangtze River Delta, China[J].International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,2017, 14 (9): 1042. [2] 康娟. 基于激光剥离的物质元素高分辨高灵敏分析的新技术研究[D]. 华南理工大学,2020. [3] 马菲, 周健民, 杜昌文.激光诱导击穿原子光谱在土壤分析中的应用[J].土壤学报: 1-11. [4] Gaudiuso R, Dell'aglio M, De Pascale O, et al.Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy for Elemental Analysis in Environmental, Cultural Heritage and Space Applications: A Review of Methods and Results[J].Sensors,2010, 10 (8): 7434-7468. [5] Zhou R, Liu K, Tang Z, et al.High-sensitivity determination of available cobalt in soil using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy assisted with laser-induced fluorescence[J].Applied Optics,2021, 60 (29): 9062-9066. [6] Hussain Shah S K, Iqbal J, Ahmad P, et al.Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy methods and applications: A comprehensive review[J].Radiation Physics and Chemistry,2020, 170. [7] V S D, George S D, Kartha V B, et al.Hybrid LIBS-Raman-LIF systems for multi-modal spectroscopic applications: a topical review[J].Applied Spectroscopy Reviews,2020, 56 (6): 1-29. [8] Gornushkin I B, Kim J E, Smith B W, et al.Determination of Cobalt in Soil, Steel, and Graphite Using Excited-State Laser Fluorescence Induced in a Laser Spark[J].Applied Spectroscopy,1997, 51 (7): 1055-1059. [9] Hilbk-Kortenbruck F, Noll R, Wintjens P, et al.Analysis of heavy metals in soils using laser-induced breakdown spectrometry combined with laser-induced fluorescence[J].Spectrochimica Acta Part B-Atomic Spectroscopy,2001, 56 (6): 933-945. [10] Gao P, Yang P, Zhou R, et al.Determination of antimony in soil using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy assisted with laser-induced fluorescence[J].Appl Opt,2018, 57 (30): 8942-8946. [11] Zhang Y, Zhang T, Li H.Application of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) in environmental monitoring[J].Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy,2021, 181: 106218. [12] Barreda F A, Trichard F, Barbier S, et al.Fast quantitative determination of platinum in liquid samples by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy[J].Anal Bioanal Chem,2012, 403 (9): 2601-10. [13] Chen Z, Li H, Liu M, et al.Fast and sensitive trace metal analysis in aqueous solutions by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy using wood slice substrates[J].Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy,2008, 63 (1): 64-68. [14] Kang J, Li R, Wang Y, et al.Ultrasensitive detection of trace amounts of lead in water by LIBS-LIF using a wood-slice substrate as a water absorber[J].Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry,2017, 32 (11): 2292-2299. [15] Aras N, Yeşiller S Ü, Ateş D A, et al.Ultrasonic nebulization-sample introduction system for quantitative analysis of liquid samples by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy[J].Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy,2012, 74-75: 87-94. 本篇文章为转载内容。原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/yyyyang666/article/details/129210164。 该文由互联网用户投稿提供，文中观点代表作者本人意见，并不代表本站的立场。 作为信息平台，本站仅提供文章转载服务，并不拥有其所有权，也不对文章内容的真实性、准确性和合法性承担责任。 如发现本文存在侵权、违法、违规或事实不符的情况，请及时联系我们，我们将第一时间进行核实并删除相应内容。

...深入讨论，这对于指导开发者正确运用cookie和session管理用户状态具有重要意义。 综上所述，无论是从技术层面还是法律伦理角度，处理不信任SSL证书、cookie和session的相关知识都是网络爬虫领域发展的重要组成部分。不断跟进相关政策变化和技术演进，将有助于我们更好地在遵守规则的前提下进行有效的数据采集和分析工作。